Psychology: Memory and Learning

5 Written Questions

1. occurs when people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences
2. behavior is reinforced based on an average time that has expired since the last reinforcement
3. external information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind
4. detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events
5. the process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory (helps with long term retention) (ex. Remembering 20 experiences rather than 20 #s) → lower left part of frontal lobe and inner part of left temporal lobe → more activity in these areas results in being more likely to remember it

5 Matching Questions

1. Rehearsal
2. Anterograde amnesia
3. Conditioned response
4. Absentmindedness
5. Positive

1. a a reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but it is produced by a conditioned stimulus (salivating from a buzzer)
2. b process of keeping information in short term memory by repeating it
3. c stimulus is presented
4. d a lapse of judgment in attention that results in memory failure (Yo-Yo Ma)
5. e inability to transfer new information from the short term store into the long term store (results from damage to hippocampal region of brain)

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. sound of words
   1. Rhyme judgments
   2. Visual judgments
   3. Retrieval cues
   4. Semantic judgments
2. tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections (film of plane crash)
   1. Negative
   2. Persistence
   3. Acquisition
   4. Suggestibility
3. stimulus is removed
   1. Learning
   2. Positive
   3. Retrieval
   4. Negative
4. shows that most forgetting happens soon after the event about forgetting
   1. Organizational encoding
   2. Ebbinghaus's learning curve
   3. Learning
   4. Visual Imagery Encoding
5. memories can become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, thus requiring them to be consolidated again
   1. Generalization
   2. Acquisition
   3. Reconsolidation
   4. Discrimination

5 True/False Questions

1. Overjustification effect → behaviors that are followed by a "satisfying state of affairs" tend to be repeated and those that produce an "unpleasant state of affairs" are less likely to be repeated

   True        False

2. Implicit memory → occurs when people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences

   True        False

3. Unconditioned response → reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus (dogs salivation)

   True        False

4. Operant Conditioning → Little Albert → presented with stimuli (white rat, then loud bar to make him cry)

   True        False

5. Reinforcer → any stimulus or event that functions to increase the likelihood of the behavior that led to it

   True        False