Test II
Order by
76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Moscow | Capital of Russia the fostered nationhood |
| Huns | Warlike people who migrated from Eastern Europe into territory controlled by Germanic tribes, forcing them to move into areas controlled by Rome |
| Mongol | Who: A totally new group of nomadic warriors from the east led by Temujis, who renamed himself Chinghis Khan, and his Golden Horde. What: Invaded the Muslim empire, totally destroying everything in their path. Created the largest empire in history. When: Invaded between 1100-1200. Where: From the Steppes of Central Asia across Central Asia and middle East. Why: Overthrew the Caliphate and replaced it with the mongol Khanate |
| German | Nation in Europe |
| Mamluks | The most significant Turko-Islamic regime of the period. They were in Egypt in 1250-1517. They flourished due to strong military rule and firm control over considerable agrarian and commercial wealth of the eastern Mediterranean world. |
| Cluniac Movement | The reforming movement started at Cluny and spread throughout Europe, built the first Gothic churches |
| Abbasid | dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years they maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic civilization and culture flourished |
| Umay yad | ... |
| Jihad | a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal |
| Harman al-Rashid | ... |
| Caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth |
| Russia | a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital |
| Hagia Sophia | the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian |
| Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. (p. 376) |
| Charles Martel | the Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him. |
| Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code |
| Aksum | a powerful kingdom that arose and conquered Kush, was located south of Kush, on a rugged plateau on the Red Sea in the countries now modern day Eritrea and Ethiopia; Arab traders came across from the Red Sea and established trade settlements that became colonies of farmers and traders, the dynasty lasted until the 20th century until the last ruler Haile Selassie died in 1975, reached its height from A.D. 325-360 |
| Gregory VII | the pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Church and the supremacy of the Church over the state (1020-1085) |
| Five Pillars of faith | the essential duties of Muslims must fulfill; faith, prayer, alms, fasting and pilgrimage |
| Sharia | the system of law that regulates family life, moral conduct and the business and community life of Muslims |
| Hajj | the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah |
| Obas | kings of Benin |
| Nok | West Africa's earliest known culture. Lived in what is now Nigeria between 500 BCE and 300 CE. Artifacts from this time period have been found in an area stretching for 300 miles between the Niger and Benue rivers. First West African people known to smelt iron. |
| Benin | In forest of niger delta, rulers called oba (also descents of Ife), major trade center, had sculptures, ivory furs, died out because of slave trade. |
| Raadan | ... |
| Merovingians | the family line that had a Frankish ruling dynasty from 450 to 751. They ruled over the Frankish Empire much of which is now present day Germany. They were founded by Merovech and brought to prominence by Clovis. |
| Charlemagne | the ruler of Frankish kingdom after Pepin died in 771-reunited the western Europe; Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire during middle ages. |
| Treaty of Verdun | 843 Treaty that ended power struggle of Charlemagne's 3 sons after his death and split Franks into 3 kingdoms |
| Carolingians | the family that ruled the Franks in Gaul from 751 to 987 in the Carolingian Dynasty. This began when Pepin was declared king. They lost power after the Treaty of Verdun. |
| Alcuin | Anglo-Saxon monk of great ability; a key teacher in Charlemagne's court, from the city of York |
| Clovis | King of Franks; conquered Gaul; earned support of Gaul and Church of Rome by converting; Ruled lands in Frankish custom but kept Roman legacy; capital at Paris |
| Innocent III | Italian Pope who instituted the Fourth Crusade and under whom papal intervention in European politics reached its height (1161-1216); He helped to combat the rise of heresy and restore the badly damaged political fortunes of the papacy. He also helped to develop canon law, the law of the church. |
| Great Schism 1054 | two popes are elected causing instability in the church, Divided medieval Christianity into Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church |
| Catholics | The first group of formally established Christians in Europe under the pope |
| Protestants | a reformer who protested against the abuses of the catholic church in the 1500's:a member of a church descended from those that seceded from the Roman Catholic Church during 1500's |
| Vassals | lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity |
| Lords | People of high rank who received land in exchange for their loyalty |
| Mamorialism | ... |
| Great Zimbabwe | City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. (p. 385) |
| Feudalism | the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th Century, a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service |
| Pope | the head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Iconoclasm | The breaking of images; a religious controversy of the 8th century; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration |
| Serbs | ... |
| Greeks | The Greeks were Sea-farmers, Indo-Euopean,Traders (exports-Olives or olive oil,Grapes,and Grain,, settled in southern Italy and Sicily between 750 and 600 B.C. |
| Balkans | geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe. Greece and the region North of Greece. |
| Petrine Theory | the idea that the pope is the head of the church according to people who believe in Roman Catholicism. It gets its name from Peter who was the successor and therefore the head of the church. This was practiced everywhere Christian in the middle ages and is still believed by Roman Catholics to this day. |
| Icons | religious images used by eastern christians to aid their devotions |
| Roha Churches | ... |
| Holy Images | original icons of Mary and the child Christ...etc. |
| Urban II | Called First Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. |
| Lallbela | ... |
| Byzantium | the civilization that developed from the eastern Roman Empire following the death of the emperor Justinian (C.E. 565) until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. |
| Dhows | Large ships favored by Indian, Persian, and Arab sailors that could carry up to four hundred tons of cargo. |
| Eastern Roman Empire | also known as the Byzantine empire; used mostly Greek language and culture; capital-Constantinople (new Rome); enjoyed benefit of Mediterranean trade; a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395 |
| Alhambra | A palace at Granada, Spain, built by the moors in the 14th century, whose colored mosaics show patterns and geometric figures. It was also the last Muslim stronghold in Spain. |
| Indian Ocean | This area possessed the biggest network of sea-based trade in the postclassical period prior to the rise of Atlantic-based trade. |
| First Crusade | (1096 - 1099) Crusade called by Pope Urban II which captured Jerusalem. (only militarily successful Crusade) |
| Battle of Tours | Battle in 732 in which the Christian Franks led by Charles Martel defeated Muslim armies and stopped the Muslim advance into Europe |
| Muslim | a believer or follower of Islam |
| Islam | the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran |
| Crisis of the 3rd Century | civil wars, invasions, food production decline, no funds, threw Rome into total chaos |
| Ulama | the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community |
| Islamic law | Law that is derived from interpretation of the Qur'an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad and is found in most Islamic countries. Sharia |
| Bantu | A major African language family. Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. Famous for migrations throughout central and southern Africa. |
| Cultural Diffusion | the spread of cultural elements from one society to another |
| Hausa States | people of northern Nigeria formed these states; formed following the demise of the Songhai Empire & combined Muslim & pagan tradition |
| Songhai | A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the sixteenth century, the Muslim Songhai Empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade. |
| Kush | ... |
| Nubia | East African trading empire that developed south of Egypt on the Nile River |
| Constantine | Roman Emperor (4th century A.D.) who promoted tolerance to all religions in the Roman Empire and legalized Christianity |
| Novgorod | According to legend, the Slavs asked the Viking leader Rurik to be the king. He then founded the first major Russian city, Novgorod, in 862., important trade center that provided a link between northern Europe and Asia, one of the oldest cities in Russia |
| Iron Work | is any weapon, artwork, utensil or architectural feature made of iron especially used for decoration. |
| Shi-ite | a member of the smaller branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs |
| Sunni | Adherents to the largest branch of Islam, called the orthodox or traditionalist. They believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life's problems, and they differ from the Shiites in accepting the traditions (sunna) of Muhammad as authoritative., a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad |
| Prophet | a religious teacher who is regarded as someone who speaks for God or for a god |
| Kiev | Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century. |
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