Chapter 3 Cells
Order by
28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Differentiation | process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
| cell | the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| cytoplasm | The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| cytosol | the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| phospholipid bilayer | A two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward. |
| cytoskeleton | a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement |
| ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
| vesicles | membranous sacs that very in size and contents; form when a portion of the cell membrane folds inward and pinches off |
| Golgi apparatus | a stack of flattened, sacs called cisternae, that refines, packages, and delivers proteins synthesized on the rough ER |
| mitochondria | elongated, fluid-filled sacs, that contains a small amount of DNA that encodes information for making a few types of proteins; convert energy in food molecules to energy in the form of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, that the cell can use to carry out its functions (cellular respiration) |
| lysosome | membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and old worn out cell parts |
| peroxisome | A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide; found mostly in liver and kidneys. |
| centrosome | Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule-organizing center. |
| cilia | The hair-like structures on the surface of epithelial (covering) cells, such as those of the bronchi, that provide upward movement of mucus cell secretions |
| flagella | long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move: found in sperm cells |
| microfilaments | a component of the cytoskeleton that is made from actin proteins |
| microtubules | straight, hollow tubes of proteins that give rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell |
| nuclear envelop | double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus |
| nuclear pores | small holes in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
| nucleolus | a small, dense body in the nucleus where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| chromosomes | condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down. |
| nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| cytosol | the fluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| cytoplasm | The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.
Completed “Learn” mode
staciasimmons , kristenleuck , baileykroppman , lammersisabel , RenzAgamanos , FletcherEvans , katiejanson , TheodorePfeffer