CHapter 2: Ancient Middle East and Egypt
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Created by:
madlagan66 on October 10, 2011
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96 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fertile crescent | a region of the middle east named for its rich soils and golden wheat fields , civilizations arose here |
| mesopotamia | the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| sumer | An ancient region of southern Mesopotamia which rose around 3300 B.C. The first empire that ruled in Mesopotamia and is credited with inventing writing. World's first civilization |
| flood | the Mesopotamian poem, The Epic of Gilgamesh, describes a ______ that destroys the world |
| natural resources | sumerian cities had few ______ _______ |
| 12 | within a few 100 years, sumer included __ seperate city-states |
| 1 | how many rulers were there in sumerian government? |
| hierarchy | system of ranking groups |
| peasent farmers | majority of sumerians were ___ ____ (lowest level) |
| slaves | sumerains owned _______ |
| polytheistic | sumerians were ______, worshiped many gods |
| ziggurat | a large, stepped platform topped by a temple |
| afterlife | sumerians believed in the _______, life after death |
| cuneiform | Sumerian writing made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool into clay tablets, sumerian invented the first known writing in 3200 B.C. |
| mesopotamia | in 2500 B.C. armies swept across ________ |
| number system | sumerian scholars developed ______ ______ |
| greeks romans | sumerian knowledge passed on to the ______ and ______ |
| colonies | Phoenicians set up ___ around the Mediterranean to promote trade |
| Sargon | The world's first empire was set up by ________ (ruler of Akkad) |
| Zoroaster | A Persian religion developed by _______ focused on the battle between god and evil |
| Hammurabi | The ruler who wanted to make sure everyone in his kingdom knew the laws was ________ |
| Babylon | The king Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt the great city of ______. (he built the hanging walls too) |
| civil | Hammurabi's code addressed both _____ and criminal law |
| iron | Hittites developed the technology to make _____ |
| Persian | ______ rulers encouraged religious unity across the empire |
| currency | Darius set up a ________ |
| Phoenicians | _________ developed an alphabet and a trading network |
| Babylon | Hammurabi was the king of _________ |
| Marduk | the patron god of Babylon that Hammurabi promoted |
| Asia Minor | Where did the Hittites come from? |
| weapons | The hittites made better ____ |
| Tigris | Assyrians lived on the _______ |
| Assyrians | most feared warriors in history |
| libraries | King Assurbanipal, found one of the first _________ |
| Babylon | Nebuchadnezzar revives _______ |
| Cyrus the Great | In 539 B.C., Babylon fell to the Persian armies of _____________ |
| Cyrus | Who built the largest empire ever seen? |
| bureaucracy | Darius set up this, is a system of government through departments and subdivisions |
| satrapy | an individual province |
| barter economy | when ppl exchanged goods or services for another |
| money economy | goods and services are for through the exchange of a token |
| Ahura | Zoroaster thought that a singe wise god, ____, ruled the world |
| Phoenicians | the ____________ expanded trade and manufacturing; made glass and dye |
| alphabet | Phoenicians invented the _______ |
| cataract | a waterfall |
| delta | a triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouths of rivers |
| dynasty | ruling family |
| vizier | chief minister; supervised the gov. |
| Nile | Egyptian civilizations developed on the _____ |
| pyramids | ______ provided everything a pharaoh needed in the afterlife |
| Egypt | during Egypt's Middle Kingdom, foreign invaders occupied ____ |
| flax | a plant whose fibers were used for clothing |
| floods | yearly _____ brought benefits to the Nile |
| S N | two regions: upper egypt in __, lower egypt in __ |
| Menes | the king of upper egypt |
| memphis | egypt's capitol |
| old kingdom | egypt became a centralized state during the _____ ______ |
| Giza | pyramids were built in the Old Kingdom, built in ______ |
| drainage | the large ______ project in the middle kingdom created vast new stretches of farmable land |
| nubia | a gold-rich land to the south |
| hyksos | _____ invaded egypt for 100 years |
| new kingdom | the ____ _________ brought communication to ppl in sw asia and africa |
| female | hatshepsut- egypts first ___ ruler; encouraged trade |
| expanded | Thutmose II, her stepson, ______ egypt's borders |
| Ramses II | became pharaoh of the New Kingdom |
| Hittities | _____ signed a peace treaty in the new kingdom |
| egypt | In 1100 bc, ____ power declined |
| Amon-Re | the chief god or sun god |
| Re | old kingdom ppl worshiped __ |
| Amon-Re | middle kingdom ppl worshiped ______ |
| underworld | Osiris ruled over the __________, he was the god of the nile |
| monotheistic | the pharaoh, Akhenaton, wanted to incorparate a ________ religion. Aton was the god |
| mummification | drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy |
| valley of the kings | in the new kingdom, many pharaohs were buried in the _________________ |
| King Tut | Howard Carter found the 18 year old, _________ |
| conquests | foreign ____________ brought riches to egypt |
| women | ______ could inherit property |
| hieratic | _____ writing; a simpler form for everyday use... cursive |
| papyrus | paper-like writing material |
| rosetta stone | stone monument |
| magic | egyptian physicians believed in ______ |
| hebrews | israelians are known as ____ |
| monotheistic | israelians were ______; one god |
| Torah | most sacred text (Israel) |
| Moses | he renewed god's covenant with the israelians,the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus |
| David | ______ was the 2nd king of Israel |
| Solomon | David's son who was a great king. He built massive project in Israel including the Great Temple. His project cost the people a lot of money in taxes causing a division in Israel. |
| N S | solomon's building projects caused the kingdom to split into israel in the __ and Judah in the __ |
| Assyrians | in 722 bc, the ______ conqured israel |
| babylon | in 589 bc, _____ captured Judah |
| Cyrus the Great | ___________________ freed the israelities |
| patriarchal | relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority |
| babylon captivity | King Nebuchadnezzar forced many into exile and destroyed the temple |
| europe | jews moved to _____ |
| prophets | ______, Isaiah and Jeremiah, reminded jews of their duties |
| diaspora | the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel |
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