Language Arts Rhetoric
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Created by:
ChloeYoutsey on October 10, 2011
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NONSENSE
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 argument ad hominem | in latin means "against the man" in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the person presenting the claim |
| argument ad populum | latin: "to the people" an appeal to numbers; to our desire to fit in with the majority |
| appeal to authority | argues a claim is true because a person judged to be an authority affirms the claim |
| appeal to ignorance | the arguer tries to use the lack of evidence as support for a positive claim about the truth of a conclusion |
| appeal to pity | an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone |
| appeal to tradition | something is better or correct simply because it is older, traditional, or "always has been done" "if it isn't broken don't fix it" |
| bandwagon fallacy | argument that appeals to the growing popularity of an idea as a reason for accepting it as true |
| begging the question | in which the premise includes the claim that the conclusion is true or (directly or indirectly) assumes that the conclusion is true |
| false dilemma/either/or fallacy | arguer sets up the situation so it looks like there are only two choices: are left with only one option |
| guilt by association | in which a person rejects a claim simply because people he/she dislikes accept it |
| hasty generalization | making assumptions about a whole group on a sample that is inadequate; stereotyping |
| non sequitur | "it does not follow" stating, as a conclusion, something that does not strictly follow from the premise |
| poisoning the well | trying to discredit what a person might later claim by presenting unfavorable information (be it true or untrue) about the person attack is made prior to the person even making the claim or claims |
| post hoc | "this word, ergo propter hoc"; translates as "after this, therefore because of this" correlation wrongly being linked to causation |
| red herring | going off on a tangent, raising a side issue that distracts the audience from what's really at stake |
| slippery slope | claiming that a chain reaction will inevitably take place, in reality there is not enough evidence for that assumption |
| straw man | to anticipate and respond in advance to the arguments that an opponent might make; sets up a weak version of the opposition's stance and defeats it, but it's not all that impressive to knock down something that isn't very stable |
| exordium | introduction establishes ethos includes "hook and lead" |
| narratio | narration appeals to logos why we should care |
| partitio | partition plan of development |
| confirmatio | confirmation body paragraphs supports claim |
| refutatio | refutation addresses the counter argument as to support claim and shoot down any opposition |
| concede | agree there's a point |
| refute | deny validity |
| peroratio | conclusion appeal to pathos and reminds the reader of the ethos established earlier answers the question, "so what?" |
| claim | assertion or conclusion which must be proven or supported debatable point |
| data | the evidence supporting the claim |
| warrant | basic principle or assumption that connects the claim and the data in an argument and reveals the arguer's own beliefs or values |
| qualifier | a statement about how strong the claim is |
| rebuttal/reservation | an exception to your claim |
| backing | defending the warrant with reasons |
| Rogerian argument | arguing to negotiate differences done partially by restating opposing position fairly and accurately, without either praise or blame, as to be capable of expressing alternative views in full understanding |
| summary of opposing views | accurately and neutrally as possible, states the views of people with whom you disagree |
| statement of understanding | throwing the other guy a bone recognizing legitimacy of claim |
| statement of contexts | describes situations in which you hope your views would be honored |
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