Latin Roots 1-15
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141 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abrupt | 1. broken off; lacking in continuity; steep (ant. sloping) 2. sudden; quick and unexpected (ant. leisurely, deliberate, gradual) |
| corrupt (adj.) | changed ("broken to pieces") from good to bad; vicious |
| corrupt (v.) | change ("break into pieces") from good to bad; debase; pervert; falsify |
| disrupt | break apart; cause disorder |
| erupt | burst or break out |
| incorruptible | inflexibly honest; incapable of being corrupted or bribed |
| interrupt | break into or between; hinder; stop |
| rupture | 1. break; breaking 2. hostility |
| bactericide | substance that kills bacteria |
| biocide | substance that destroys many different organisms |
| fratricide | act of killing (or killer of) one's brother |
| fungicide | substance that kills fungi or inhibits their growth |
| genocide | deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group |
| germicide | substance that kills germs |
| herbicide | substance that kills plants |
| homicide | killing of one human by another |
| infanticide | act or killing (or killer of) an infant |
| insecticide | substance that kills insects |
| matricide | act of killing (or killer of) one's mother |
| patricide | act of killing (or killer of) one's father |
| pesticide | substance that kills rats, insects, bacteria, etc. |
| regicide | act of killing (or killer of) a king |
| sororicide | act of killing (or killer of) one's sister |
| suicide | act of killing (or killer of) one's self |
| tyrannicide | act of killing (or killer of) a tyrant |
| astringent (adj.) | 1. drawing (the tissues) tightly together (e.g. to check bleeding) 2. stern; austere |
| astringent (n.) | substance that shrinks the tissues and checks flow of blood |
| boa constrictor | snake that "constricts" or crushes its prey in its coils |
| constrict | draw together; render narrower; shrink (ant. expand) |
| restrict | keep within limits (literally, "keep back"); confine |
| stricture | 1. adverse criticism (literally, "tightening"); censure 2. restriction |
| stringent | strict (literally, "binding tight"); rigid; severe |
| unrestricted | 1. not confined within bounds; free 2. open to all |
| carnivore | flesh-eating animal |
| carnivorous | flesh-eating |
| devour | 1. eat greedily or ravenously 2. seize upon and destroy |
| frugivorous | feeding on fruit |
| herbivore | plant-eating animal |
| herbivorous | dependent on (literally, "eating") plants as food |
| insectivorous | dependent on (literally, "eating") insects as food |
| omnivore | person or animal that eats everything (both flesh and plants) |
| omnivorous | 1. eating everything, bot plant and animal substances 2. avidly taking in everything |
| voracious | 1. greedy in eating 2. insatiable |
| convivial | fond of eating and drinking with friends; sociable; jovial; hospitable |
| taciturn | inclined to silence |
| stolid | unemotional |
| revive | bring back to life; restore |
| survive | outlive; remain alive after |
| vivacious | lively in temper or conduct |
| vivacity | liveliness of spirit |
| vivid | 1. (used with things) having the vigor and spirit of life 2. sharp and clear; graphic |
| vivify | enliven; make vivid |
| vivisection | operation on a living animal for scientific investigation |
| contortionist | a person who can twist his or her body into odd postures |
| distort | 1. twist out of shape; contort 2. twist out of the true meaning; misrepresent; pervert; falsify |
| extort | wrest (money, promises, etc.) from a person by force (literally, "twist out") |
| retort (v.) | to reply quickly or sharply |
| retort (n.) | quickly, witty, or cutting reply |
| torsion | act of twisting; stress due to twisting forces exerted on a body |
| tortuous | 1. full of twists or curves; winding 2. tricky; crooked; circuitous |
| torture (v.) | 1. wrench; twist 2. inflict severe pain upon |
| torture (n.) | anguish of body or mind; agony |
| convict (v.) | prove guilty; show conclusively to be guilty |
| convict (n.) | person serving a prison sentence |
| conviction | 1. state of being judged guilty of an offense 2. strong belief |
| convince | persuade or show conclusively by argument or proof |
| evict | 1. expel out of legal process; 2. oust |
| evince | show clearly; disclose; reveal |
| invincible | incapable of being conquered |
| vanquish | overcome in battle; conquer; defeat |
| victor | winner; conqueror |
| fraction | one or more of the equal parts of a whole; fragment |
| fractious | apt to break out into a passion; cross; irritable (ant. peaceable) |
| fracture | 1. break or crack 2. breaking of a bone |
| fragile | easily broken; frail; delicate (ant. tough; durable) |
| fragment | a part broken off |
| infraction | act of breaking; a breach; a violation; |
| refract | bend (literally, "break back") from a straight path |
| refractory | resisting; intractable; hard to manage (ant. malleable; tractable; adaptable) |
| omnibus | covering many things at once |
| omnibus | 1. bus 2. book containing a variety of works by one author |
| omnifarious | of all varieties, forms, or kinds |
| omnific | all-creating |
| omnipotent | unlimited in power; almighty |
| omnipresent | present everywhere at the same time; ubiquitous |
| omniscient | all-knowing |
| deflect | turn ("bend") aside |
| flex | to bend |
| flexible | pliable ("capable of being bent"); not rigid; tractable (ant. inflexible) |
| flexor | muscle that serves to bend a limb |
| genuflect | to bend the knee; to touch the right knee to the ground, as in worship |
| inflection | change ("bend") in the pitch or tone of a person's voice |
| inflexibility | rigidity; firmness |
| reflect | 1. throw ("bend") back light rays, as from a mirror (but /not/ from a prism, which /refracts/ rays) 2. to think |
| reflex | involuntary response to a stimulus; for example, sneezing |
| detention | act of keeping back or detaining |
| impertinent | 1. irrelevant; not pertinent; inappropriate 2. rude |
| pertinacious | adhering ("holding") firmly to a purpose or opinion; very persistent |
| pertinent | having to do with the matter at hand; relevant |
| retentive | tenacious; able to retain or remember |
| retinue | group of followers or assistants attending a distinguished person |
| tenacity | firmness in holding fast; persistence |
| tenancy | period of a tenant's temporary holding of a real estate |
| tenet | principle, belief, or doctrine generally held to be true |
| tenure | 1. period for which an office or position is held (ex. U.S. Supreme Court Justices are Justices for life) 2. status assuring an employee a permanent position |
| untenable | incapable of being held or defended |
| admonish | warn of a fault; reprove; rebuke (ant. commend) |
| admonition | gentle reproof ("warning"); counseling against a fault or error |
| admonitory | conveying of a gentle reproof |
| monitor (n.) | person or device that keeps track of, checks, or warns |
| monitor (v.) | to keep track of, regulate, or control the operation of a machine or process |
| monument | means of reminding us of a person or event (e.g. a statue or a tomb) |
| premonition | forewarning; intuitive anticipation of a coming event |
| premonitory | conveying a forewarning |
| countermand | to issue a contrary order |
| mandate | 1. authoritative command 2. territory administered by a trustee (supervisory nation) |
| mandatory | obligatory; required by command (ant. optional) |
| remand | to send ("order") back; recommit, as to prison |
| writ of mandamus | written order form from a court to enforce the performance of some public duty |
| accredited | officially authorized or recognized; provided with credentials |
| credence | belief as to the truth of something |
| credentials | documents, letters, references, etc., that inspire belief or trust |
| credible | believable |
| credit | belief; faith; trust |
| credulous | too ready to believe; easily deceived (ant. skeptical) |
| creed | summary of principles believed in or adhered to |
| discredit (v.) | 1. to cast doubt on; refuse to believe 2. to take trust or credit away from; disgrace |
| discredit (n.) | loss of belief or trust; damage to one's reputation; disgrace |
| incredible | not believable |
| incredulity | disbelief |
| affidavit | sworn written statement made before an authorized official |
| bona fide | made or carried out in good faith; genuine |
| confidant | one to whom secrets are entrusted |
| confident | having faith in oneself; self-reliant; sure (ant. apprehensive) |
| confidential | communicated in trust; secret; private |
| diffident | lacking self-confidence; unduly timid; shy |
| fidelity | 1. faithfulness to a trust or vow (ant. perfidy) 2. accuracy; faithfulness of a sound reproduction |
| fiduciary | 1. held in trust (such as property) 2. confidential (such as duties of a trustee) |
| infidel | one who does not accept a particular faith; unbeliever |
| perfidious | false to a trust; faithfulness; treacherous |
| perfidy | violation of a trust; treachery; faithfulness; disloyalty (ant. fealty) |
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