APWorldSenecalCH5&6
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senecalapworld on October 10, 2011
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WHAP Chapter 5 & 6 Vocab
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Etruscans | people that ruled Rome. Scholars believe that they were great metal workers and jewelers whose culture had been heavily influenced by Greece. They also helped the Romans by building sewers and walls. They helped shape system of government and introduced sculpture and painting. |
| Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. |
| consul | in the roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government |
| imperium | power, empire= |
| praetor | an annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic |
| Roman Senate | A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. (148) |
| Patricians | the wealthy class in Roman society; landowners |
| Plebeians | the poorer majority of the roman empire; the working class; couldnt be part of government; could vote but not hold office; couldnt be in army |
| magistrates | elected officials of Rome's government |
| Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. |
| Hannibal | general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War |
| Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus | tribunes who attempted to introduce land and citizenship reform under the late Roman republic; both were killed by order of the Senate. |
| 1st Triumvirate | The first attempt of the men by the names of Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey who try to save the replublic. Caesar gains this power |
| Crassus | General who defeated Spartacus. Crucified 6,600 slaves on the Alpennine way. He later served in the First Triumvirate. |
| Pompey | Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered. Part of Triumvirate |
| Julius Caesar | Roman general and dictator. He was murdered by a group of senators and his former friend Brutus who hoped to restore the normal running of the republic.Conquered Gaul |
| Octavian | Formed Second Triumvirate in 43BC with Antony and Lepidus after Caesar's death,reduced power of the Senate, began a period known as Pax Romana or Roman Peace |
| Cleopatra | (31 B.C.) - She was the queen of Egypt known as a Ptolemaic ruler. She became queen when her dad died and she and her brother was not old enough to rule. She and Julius Caesar had an affair and they had a child together and named it Caesarion. Caesar and Cleopatra may have wanted to rule together but he was assassinated before they got the chance. Later she became married to Marc Antony which was supposed to be a peace maker between Rome and Egypt and Antony was still going to rule with Octavian. Octavian did not approve and attacked Egypt. Cleopatra and Marc Antony decided to kill themselves rather than having it done by Octavian. |
| Mark Anthony | was Caesar's chief assistant. He and Octavian successfully defeated the conspirators and began to rule Rome together. Lost support of the people because of his affair with Cleopatra. |
| imperator | emperor |
| Augustus | Honorific name of Octavian,1st Emperor of Rome |
| Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. |
| Hadrian | "Romanized"and organized the empire- built bridges, roads, and aqueducts, ruled during the height of the Pax Romana, Built Hadrians Wall across Britain, strengthened borders |
| Trajan | Adopted by Nerva (previous emperor); One of the "Good Emperors"; Professional soldier from Spain; 1st non-Italian emperor; Brought Rome to it's height in size (about size of US) |
| Cicero | called on upperclass Romans to work together to make Rome a better place and wanted the Romans to give more support to the Senate and to restore checks and balances on government. Prose writer |
| Twelve Tables | the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law |
| paternfamilias | families in which the father or oldest male has all of the control |
| Insulae | apartment blocks in Rome where the poor lived |
| Diocletian | Restores Military order in Rome and moves Capital to Anatolia |
| Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) |
| Constantinople | Previously known as Byzantium, Constantine changed the name of the city and moved the capitol of the Roman Empire here from Rome. |
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