DeSimmone Bacteria
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are some characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae? | -Non commensal flora -Transmission sexually, perinatal |
| What do you see on a gonorrhoeae gram stain? | -Diplococci - two kidney beans w/pili extending off -Neisseria are all dicocci -Small cell wall with LPS |
| Who shows the most gon infxn? | -Black men -MSM: men who have sex w/men |
| What s/m.s are see in men w/gon? | Erythritis - purulent discharge from urethra |
| What s/m.s are see in women w/gon? | Cervicitis - discharge from cervix but hard to distinguish |
| What is the gon incubation period after sex? | Day or 2, discharge dev.s pretty quick |
| What happens if gon gets into BS and what 3 s/m.s associated w/it? | Causes DGI - very uncommon (<1%) -Rash that looks like pustule -Arthritis -Tenosynovitis (swollen tendon) |
| What occurs if neonate is exposed to gon during birth? | -Eyes infected leading to blindness |
| How does one dev proctitis or pharyngitis from gon? | Anal or oral sex |
| How do you lab d/g gon? | -Gram stain: gram - diplocci -Culture maybe, mostly just need gram stain |
| What is seen on the surface of gon? | -Pili -IgA protease -Outer mem prot.s -Endotoxin |
| What main d/e.s are caused by gon? | -Urethritis -Cervicitis -Proctitis -Pharyngitis -PID -Ophthalmia neonatorum |
| What lab media do you use for gon? | -Theyer-Martin agar -Chocolate agar |
| What other lab signs do you see | -Ferments glucose -Oxidase positive -Does not ferment maltose! |
| How do you treat gon? | -Mostly ceph, not quinolones -Bac has penicillinase -Use Triaxone or Xime |
| What are the serotypes of N. meningitidis? | -A, B, C, Y, W135 -Based on capsular Ag.s |
| Where is N. men found? | -Commensal flora of nasopharynx |
| What surface structures are seen w/N. men? | -Capsule to evade phage -IgA protease that it secretes -Endotoxin |
| What risk factors cause a person to be at risk for invasive meningococcal d/e | -Asplenia -Terminal complement deficiency (C6,7,8,9) |
| What does N. men cause? | -Meningitis -Meningococcemia if in BS |
| What is a complication of meningococcemia? | -Waterhous-Friderichsen ---Adrenal hemorrhage, shock |
| What does N. men grow on? | Chocolate agar |
| What does N. men ferment | -Glucose -MALTOSE |
| How do you treat N. men? | -Start w/ceph (triaxone) -N. men produces penicillinase but could still be sensitive to PCN -Still start w/ceph |
| What sign is seen w/meningococcemia? | -Petichial rash progressing to purpura rash -Stiff neck if meningitis |
| What does haemophilus look like? | -Small -Pleomorphic -Gram neg coccobacilli |
| What nutrients does haem love and need for growth? | -X factor = hemaitn -V factor = NAD |
| What species are cause by haem? | -H. flu -H. paraflu -H. haemolyticus -H. aphrophilus -H. ducreyi (STD) |
| What makes H. flu diff? | -May be encapsulated or not -If has capsule: bad, cause d/e usually invasive or severe -All other H species unencapsulated, not so bad |
| Where is H. flu found? | -Normal respiratory flora |
| What vaccine is given for H. flu? | -HIB - B is the most dangerous serotype |
| Where does H. flu grow best? | -Chocolate agar b/c nutrients more available |
| Who carries H. flu? | -Kids, they're the highest carriers but we all carry it -Most invasive d/e in children 6 mo-1 yr of age b/c mother Ab.s have to wear off |
| How is H. flu transmitted? | Inhalation of infected droplets |
| What are the external proteins of H. flu? | -IgA protease -Polysaccharide capsule |
| Which adults are more at risk for H flu? | -Asplenia -Splenic dysfxn |
| What kind of H. flu is bad in ppl w/lung d/e | -Non-encapsulated -Non-invasive |
| What organs are affected by H. flu? | -Almost any organ in body (brain, eye, nose, ear, mouth, skin, throat, lung, joints) -Needs to be capsulated |
| What happens if you grow H. flu without X or V? | It won't grow - you need both |
| How do you treat H. flu? | -AminoPCN, ceph.s, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, macrolides -Therapy w/third gen ceph -HIB vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid -Vaccinate at ages 2, 4, 6, 12-15 mo.s -Rifampin prophylaxis for close contact |
| What are the characteristics of Pasteurella multocida? | -Small -Gram neg -Encapsulated coccobacillus |
| Where is P. multocida found? | -NF of oropharynx of dogs and cats -One of most common causes of dog or cat bite infxn |
| What complications are seen from P. multocida? | -Arthritis -Osteomyelitis -Wound (skin/soft tiss) infection -Bacteremia |
| Where does P. multocida grow? | -Easily on blood agar -Not on MacConcey agar |
| How do you treat P. multocida? | -PCN -Post-exposure (after a bite) Abx to prevent infection |
| What are the characteristics of Francisella tularensis? | -Small -Gram-neg -Coccobacillus -Aerobe |
| Where is F. tularensis found and transmitted? | -Enzoonotic, wild animals -Rural US -Transmitted by skin/mucous mem contact or by ticks/deerflies/mosquitoes |
| When do you see F. tularensis? | -June through September -Rabbit hunting d/e |
| What is the pathogenesis of F. tularensis? | -In.cellular organism, fluorishes inside of lymphocytes, escapes b-lactams -Cell-mediated immunity -Reticuloendothelial system -LN.s |
| How do you treat F. tularensis? | -Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines -Vaccine for occupational/laboratory prevention -Can't use b-lactams b/c in.cellular |
| What are the diff ways F. tularensis can present? | -Ulceroglandular (most common) -Oculoglandular -Typhoidal -Pneumonic tularemia |
| What should you do when you see F. tularensis? | -Alert lab to assist w/isolation (cysteine-glucose blood agar) -Protect personnel -D/g w/serology, won't grow readily in a lab but does take some time to come back |
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