| Term | Definition |
|---|
| 2 approaches to treating sensory impairments | sensory integration approach,compensatory approach |
| compensatory approach | traditional method of treating sensory impairments, prevention, patient education for accomodations " don't go barefoot" |
| sensory integration approach | Use of controlled sensory intake thru functional skills, relearning skills, practice planning, movements, use feedback |
| sensory integrity | ability to organize, use sensory in information |
| indications for sensory integrity testing | edema, lymphedema, effusion, pain, impaired gait, balance,impaired locomotion, joint integrity, mobility, motor control, motor learning, muscle performance, neuromotor development, sensory integration, reflex integrity, posture, ventilation, respiration and circulation |
| various types of sensory tests performed | pain, temperature, light touch, pressure, kinesthesia, proprioception, vibration, stereognosis, tactile localization, 2 pt. discrimination, double simultaneous stimulation, barognosis, graphesthesia, texture recognition |
| kinesthesia | awareness of movement, indicate direction of movement while extremity is in motion"movement sense" (sensory test) |
| vibration | deep sensory test; use a tuning fork, vibrates @ 128 hz |
| stereognosis | Combined cortical sensory test; tactile object recognition of objects of different shape and size |
| tactile localization | C.C sensory test; ability to localize touch sensation on skin, identify verbally or by pointing |
| 2 pt discrimination | c.c. sensory test; ability to perceive 2 points applied simultaneously |
| double simultaneous stimulation | c.c. sensory test, ability to perceive simultaneous touch on opposite sides of body, proximal or distal "extinction phenomenon" |
| extinction phenomenon | perception of proximal touch only during DSS |
| barognosis | c.c. sensory test, recognition of weight |
| graphesthesia | c.c. sensory test, recognition of letters, shapes traced on skin |
| recognition of texture | c.c. sensory test, ability to differentiate textures placed in hand, identiry |
| dermatomes | cutaneous areas that correspond to spinal segments providing their innervation |
| effects of aging on sensation | loss of ... tactile, 2 pt discrimination, kinesthetic awareness, pain perception, visual, hearing acuity |
| relationship of sensation to motor control | Motor learning dependent on sensory information, feedback; assess sensation prior to motor assessment, example- proprioception |
| alert | awake, attentive to normal stimulation (cognitive sense) |
| lethargic | appears drowsy, may fall asleep, may get side tracked, difficulty focusing attention |
| obtunded | difficult to arouse, easily confused, repeated stimulation req'd to arouse, unproductive |
| stupor | semi-coma, responds ony to strong noxious stimuli, returns to unconsciousness when unstimulated |
| coma | cannot be aroused, reflex response may or may not be present |
| cognition | process of knowing, awareness judgement |
| exteroceptors | receive stimui from external environment via skin, subcutaneous tissue, ex- pain, light touch, deep pressure |
| proprioceptors | deep sensation, receive stimuli from muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, fascia. Includes proprioception, kinesthesia, vibration |
| combined cortical sensation | combo of superficial and deep sensory mechanisms. require info from exteroceptors and proprioceptors and brain. Ex- stereognosis, barognosis, graphesthesia, DSS |
| anterolateral spinothalmic system | self protective reactions like thermal, nociceptive, information, pain, temp., localized touch, tickle, itch, sexual sensations |
| dorsal column/medial lemniscal system | discriminative sensations such as discriminative touch, pressure, vibration, movement, position sense, Ex- stereognosis, barognosis, graphesthesia |
| mechanoreceptors | respond to mechanical deformation of receptor or surrounding area |
| thermoreceptors | respond to changes in temperature |
| chemoreceptors | respond to chemical substances such as taste, smell, O2 levels in arterial blood, CO2 concentration, osmolarity of body fluids |
| photic receptors | respond to light within visible spectrum |
| cutaneous receptors | located at terminal portion of afferent fiber. Free nerve endings, hair follicle endings, merkel's disks, ruffini endings, Krause's end bulbs, meissner's corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles |
| free nerve endings | found throughout the body; pain, touch, pressure, tickle itch |
| hair follicle endings | base of each hair follicle, sensitive to mechanical movement, touch |
| merkels disks | below epidermis, low-intensity, velocity touch, perceive continuous contact, 2 pt discrimination |
| ruffini endings | deep dermis, perception of touch, pressure, continuous states of skin deformation |
| krause's end bulbs | dermis, perception of touch, pressure |
| meissners corpuscles | dermis, fingertips, toes, lips, discriminative touch, texture |
| golgi tendon organs | muscle receptors, located at prox/distal tendinous insertions of muscles. Protective mechanism, inhibits contracting muscles, facilitates antagonist |
| muscle spindles | muscle receptor, spindle fibers parallel to muscle fibers, monitor changes in muscle length, position and movement sense, motor learning |
| pacinian corpuscles | subcutaneous tissue, deep tissue of body, stimulated by rapid movement, quickly adapting, deep touch, vibration |
Combine with other sets
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