Lab 5- BIO 204
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83 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 meisosis | halves the number of chromosomes, crossing over occurs (exchanges DNA), creates haploid cell |
| diploid | normal body cells, somatic, cells has two sets of 23 chromosomes |
| haploid | single set of chromesome, mature gametes (spermatozoa and oocytes) |
| granulosa cells | serround oocytes, synthesis and secrete estrogens |
| granulosa cells | during menstrual cycle become LUTEAL cells - secrete progesteron |
| theca cells | outerlayer, synthesize the steroid androgens (used by granulas cells) estrogens, oocytes |
| serotili cells | test, synthesize estraidoil surround developing sperm cells, imp. in spermatogensis, testes |
| leydig | grop in intersitiual space, manuefacture androgen, testes |
| inhibin | secreted by testes and ovaries |
| function of gonadal hormone | local action and whole body action |
| local action- gonadal hormone | within gonad as PARACRINES and AUTOCRINES - stimulate development of ova and spermatoza |
| whole body action-gonadal action | stimulate secondary sexual organs, feedback regulation of secretion of GnRH, body shape and functions, support fetus in early pregnancy |
| granulosa-ovaries | estrogen and inhibin |
| luteal- ovaries | progesterone, estrogens, and inhibin |
| theca- ovaries | androgens |
| serotoli- testis | estradiol and inhibin |
| leydig-testes | androgenes (mainly test) |
| androgen | leydig( male) and theca (female) |
| gonadtropins | FSH and LH |
| FSH | action on serotoli cells- grow mature and become responsive to testosterone, serotile- respond to FSH- stimulating spermatogenesis |
| LH | acts upon interstitial cells of the leydig- produce/secrete testerone |
| hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis | responsible for the secretion of the hormone which iniate and maintain gamete production and 2nd sexual characteristics |
| males- steriod androgens | testosterone, secreted in BS |
| males-steriod androgens | syn and secretion by leydig or interstitual cells- only when these are stimulated by LH, exert feedback inhibition on sc of LH |
| testorone- mals | development of male reproductive organs (fetal and puberty), sexual behavior and 2nd male characteristics |
| inhibins- males | secreted in the blood, glycoprotein secreted by sertoli cells |
| spermatogenesis- too fast | inhibin released, suppress secretion of FHS, slow STG |
| spermatogenesis- too slow | less secretion of inhibin (serotili), FSH secretion increase |
| inhibin-males | inhibits secretion of FSH (sertoli) help w/ spermatogenesis |
| estradoil- males | helps with spermatogenesis |
| estradoil-males | leydig cels make from serotoli cells |
| male anatomy | testis, epididymidies, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate gland, bulbourethraland couper's glands, penis and urethra |
| spermatogonia | form a layer of cells at the BM |
| spermatogeneisis | development of mature sperm |
| primary spermatocytes | spermatogoma- start to multiply and mature |
| secondary spermatocytes | after PS go through meiosis I - w/ 23 chromos |
| spermatids | after SS go through MII- 22 autosomes and x or y chromo |
| spermatid | nuclear condensation in head region, cytoplasm shrinks, form acrosome, tail developes-- spermatoza |
| spermatoginium | sperm -- 74 days |
| sperm not fulyl capacted | until 1-10 days in female RT |
| sperm storage | epididymus and vas deferens |
| parts of spermatoza | head (nucleus and acrosome), middle piece, and tail |
| nucleus | condensed DNA |
| nucleus-protamines | long molecules of DNA tightly wound around protein protect DNA from oxidative damage |
| acrosome | made from golgi apparatus, contain enzymes- help sperm penetrate oocyctes |
| middle piece | mitochondria- generate ATP help tail move |
| tail | contractile microtubules, part near Middle piece stores ATP |
| pathway of sperm form testis - tip of penis | testis, epididymides, vasa deferines, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate gland, bulb and couper's gland, uretha, penis-tip |
| composition of semen | vasa deferntia and prostate gland secretion,seminal fluid secretions, and bul. gland secretions---- seminal fluid and spermatozoa |
| vasa deferentia | 20-30% of semen, high concentration of estrogen |
| prostate gland secretion | semen, 10-20% midly alkaline, neutral pH of ___ |
| seminal vesicle secretions | 60% of semen, fructose and prostaglandins |
| bulbourethral gland secretions | small volume of mucus- lubribate |
| female anatomy | fallopian tube (uterine or oviducts), uterus (fundus, body, cervix), vagina, vultva (c,lm,lm), bartolin glands (similar to bulb. glands in MEN), ovaries |
| oogenesis | formation and developmetn of ova |
| oogenesis- meiosis i and II | form haplod gametes |
| oogensis | mitosis and utliplication fo diploid primitive germ cells |
| females-estrogens | secreted in BS by granulosa |
| estrogens- females | at puberty in response to pituitary gonadtropic hormones (uterus, ex. sex. organs, f. tubes, breast, skeleton, and fat deposition) |
| porgesterone- females | secreted in BS, non-pregnange only last 1/2 of period by corpus luteum |
| progesterone- females | changes in uterus- last 1/2 period- prepares for implantation of fertilizied ovum |
| inhibin- females | secreted in BS, granulosa cells |
| inhibin-females | inhibits sec. of FSH by the AP |
| "male androgens" -female | cells in ovaries- not in BS |
| "male androgens" -female | theca cells- used by granulosa cells- estradiol |
| gaemtogenesis | the development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis |
| estrogen and progesterone | FSH andLH control the maturation of the ovaries and the synthesis and secretin of these female sex hormones |
| Testic | pair of organs outsid eth ab cavity in skin covered pouch- scrotum |
| testis | subdivided into lobules |
| lobules | contians seminiferous tubules |
| tubule | basement menbrane aroundoutside haslooc CT underlying the INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG |
| serotoli cells | supportive cells |
| rete testis | each tubles in the lobule connects to a straing seminiferous tumbule that exits the lobule and connects to a maze of interconnecting tubules |
| uterus | fundeus, body and cervix |
| cervical os (external OS or cervical canal) | opening of cervix into vagina |
| layers of uterous | perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium |
| perimetrium | visceralperiotonieum, uterus |
| myometrium | middle, muscle part |
| endometrium | lining of uterus |
| placenta | endometrium participates in the formation of |
| follicle | enclosed the oocytes |
| corpusa albicantia | when corpora lutea detrioites it is known as |
| fimbrae | openingof FT surrounded by these finger-like processes |
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