1.
30 Years War: Bohemians convert to protestantism; Starts as a religious war, and other countries send troops to same religion side and eventually almost all of europe is involved; becomes a war over the balance of Power with Roman Empire
2.
Affective Bias: emotions that decision makes feel while thinking about the consequences of the action
3.
Airspace: space above a state that is considered its territory
4.
Al Qaeda: The "base" for Bin Ladin to carry out his holy war. Osama Bin Ladin created it in 1989. Otherwise it is known as a radical Islamic group who has control of Afghanistan, and a chapter in Iraq
5.
Alliance: a formal agreement establishing an association or alliance between nations or other groups to achieve a particular aim
6.
Anarchy: a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government)
7.
Anti-Terrorism: Preventative measures to reduce vulnerability to terrorist attacks.
8.
Arms Race: Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons
9.
Authoritarian Government: A political system that allows little or no participation in decision making by individuals and groups outside the upper reaches of the government.
10.
Balance of Power: distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong
11.
Ballistic Weapons: Projectiles, guns, things that shoot things
12.
Bargaining: seeking an agreement to a conflict through direct negotiation between parties
13.
Bio Weapons: microorganisms produced in plants
ricin, smallpox, anthrax
14.
Blue Helmets: UN peacekeepers
15.
Characteristics of Power: 1) continuous
2) granted by others
3) perceived
4)unstable
5)unique to given relationships
16.
Chemical Weapons: weapons that contain chemical elements, such as chlorine gas and mustard gas
17.
Cognitive Bias: The idea that we look for information that confirms our beliefs about a person, group, or situation
18.
Cold War: This period of time following World War II is where the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years.
19.
Congress: The legislative branch of government, as described in Article I of the US Constitution, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate. Primarily responsible for making laws.
20.
Containment: American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world
21.
Control of Governments: north and south sought new territories. south favored and north opposed extension of slavery into western territories. west became economically tied to north by railroads and mutually profitable exchange of foodstuffs for manufactured goods. southerners realized western lands were not suitable for cotton, south lost western support and remained the minority
22.
Counter-Terrorism: activities to stop terrorists from using force and responding when they do
23.
Coup d'etat: a sudden and decisive change of government illegally or by force
24.
Crimes against humanity: A category of crime, first introduced at the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals, covering the wanton, brutal extermination of millions of innocent civilians.
25.
Crisis Management: a coordinated effort to handle the effects of unfavorable publicity or of an unfavorable event
26.
Cruise Missile: an unmanned aircraft that is a self-contained bomb
27.
Cuban Missile Crisis: the 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba
28.
Defense Department: the federal department responsible for safeguarding national security of the UnitedStates
29.
Democracy: the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives
30.
Democratic Peace: The theory that democratic nations for the most part do not go to war with one another, making the spread of democracy desirable
31.
Deterrence: the act or process of discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by instilling fear or doubt or anxiety
32.
Dirty Bomb: an atom bomb that leaves considerable radioactive contamination
33.
Domino Theory: the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control
34.
Economic Conflict: traditional trade wars, i.e. control over strategically valuable materials (nuclear proliferation)
35.
Electronic Warfare: military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine or exploit or reduce or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum
36.
Ethnic Cleansing: Killing people bc of their race
37.
Ethnic Cleansing: the expulsion, imprisonment, or killing of ethnic minorities by a dominant majority group
38.
Ethnic Conflict: type of conflict that occurs when different tribes are lumped together to form a country
39.
Ethnic Groups: people who share a common culture, language, or history
40.
Foreign Policy Process: how policies are arrived and implemented
41.
GDP: Gross Domestic Product- the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in an economy
42.
Government Bargaining model: Also called Bureaucratic Politics, a model in which foreign policy decisions result from the bargaining process among various government agencies with somewhat divergent interests in the outcome.
43.
Great Powers: Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Russia, Germany
44.
Groupthink: the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
45.
Hegemony: Unipolar, the domination of one state over its allies
46.
Human Rights: the basic rights to which all people are entitled as human beings
47.
IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency; responsible for monitoring global nuclear activities
48.
ICBM: a ballistic missile that is capable of traveling from one continent to another
49.
Ideological Conflict: ideological differences which caused mistrust and misconceptions at the wartime conferences
50.
Imperialism: A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
51.
Individual Level: individual pursuit of self interest informed by a value system
52.
Information Screens: subconscious or unconscious filters through which people put the information coming in about the world around them
53.
Interest Groups: organization of people who share political, social or other goals; and agree to try to influence public policy to achieve those goals.
54.
International Criminal Court: a court established by the United Nations for indicting and administering justice to people who commit war crimes
55.
International Norms: The expectations held by participants about normal relations among states.
56.
International Relations: The relationships among the world's state governments and the connection of those relationships with other actors ( such as the United Nations, multinational corporations, and individuals), with other social relationships (including economics, culture, and domestic politics) and with geographic and historical influences
57.
International System: the set of relationships among the world's states, structured by certain rules and patterns of interaction
58.
Iran Contra Scandal: 1986, Although Congress had prohibited aid to the Nicaraguan contras, individuals in Reagan's administration continued to illegally support the rebels. These officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in the Middle East. Profits from these sales were then sent to the contras.
59.
Islam/Muslims: A broad and diverse world religion whose divergent populations include Sunni Muslims, Shi'ite Muslims and many smaller branches and sects from Nigeria to Indonesia, centered in the Middle East and South Asia.
60.
Just War: the principle that war may be legitimately waged, under specific conditions, for the protection of a nation's rights
61.
League of Nations: An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.
62.
Legitimacy: lawfulness by virtue of being authorized or in accordance with law
63.
Leverage: investing with borrowed money as a way to amplify potential gains (at the risk of greater losses)
64.
London Agreement: 1945
-The charter stipulated that crimes of the European Axis Powers could be tried. Three categories of crimes were defined: war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity.
65.
Media: forms of communication that provide news and entertainment
66.
Middle Powers: States that rank somewhat below the great powers in terms of their influence on world affairs (for example, Brazil and India).
67.
Multipolar System: a world political system in which power is primarily held by four or more international actors
68.
Nation-State: A country who's population share a common identity.
69.
Nationalism: the doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals
70.
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
71.
NSC: a committee in the executive branch of government that advises the president on foreign and military and national security
72.
Organizational Process Model: Foreign policy decision makers generally skip the the labor intensive process of identifying goals and alternative actions, relying instead for most decisions on standardized responses
73.
Political Process Model: Model of social movements that focuses on the structure of political opportunities.
74.
Polling: status of voters on issue, occurs regularly throughout election process, gauge voters stance
75.
Power: one possessing or exercising power or influence or authority
76.
Power Projection: the ability to use military force in areas far from a country's region or sphere of influence
77.
POWs: prisoners of war
78.
Proliferation: rapid growth; spread; multiplication
79.
Proxy Wars: During the Cold War, local or regional wars in which the superpowers armed, trained, and financed the combatants.
80.
Public Opinion: the distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues.
81.
Rational Actor Model: states make deisions and policies as a rational entity -president represents rational actor "politics stop at the water's edge" -actor's goals can be achieved through rational process
82.
Reciprocity: mutual exchange of commercial or other privileges
83.
Red Cross: an international organization that cares for the sick or wounded or homeless in wartime
84.
Religious Conflict: The conflicts between religions. One of these is Israel-Palestine. This consists of Roman Takeovers, Muslim conquests, and the crusades.
85.
Rwanda/Bosnia: engaged in racial cleansing - many thousands, perhaps millions of people died
86.
Secular State: government and religion are separate
87.
Security Council: Five permanent members( US, UK, France, China, USSR) with veto power in the UN. Promised to carry out UN decisions with their own forces.
88.
Self Determination: the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will
89.
Sovereignty: ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states
90.
State: -a territorial entity controlled by a government and inhabited by a people
-answers to no higher authority
-has sovereignty over its country
-can make and enforce taxes
91.
State Department: the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies
92.
State Level: Make decisions that affect the state
93.
State Sponsored Terrorism: formal assistance, training, and arming of foreign terrorists by a state in order to achieve foreign policy goals
94.
Stealth Technology: The use of special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, missiles, and ships to scatter enemy radar
95.
Strategic Weapons: weapons of mass destruction, basically long range anything that is capable of annihilating an enemy states
96.
Strategy: the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war
97.
Territorial Disputes: Any dispute over land ownership
98.
Territorial Integrity: the right of a state to defend soverign territory against incurrsion from other states
99.
Territorial Waters: the waters surrounding a nation and its territories over which that nation exercises sovereign jurisdiction
100.
Terrorism: Use of terror or violence as a means of getting what you want
101.
UN Charter: The founding document of the United Nations; also lays out the structure and methods of the UN.
102.
United Nations: an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security
103.
War Crimes: wartime acts of cruelty and brutality that are judged beyond the accepted rules of war and human behavior
104.
War on Terrorism: A war based on destuction of terrorism and governments that support it. Started after 9/11
105.
Warsaw Pact: The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
106.
Westphalia: Peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War and ensured that the German states remained Protestant making it clear that religion and politics were now separate
107.
WHO: a United Nations agency to coordinate international health activities and to help governments improve health services
108.
WMD: a weapon that kills or injures civilian as well as military personnel (nuclear and chemical and biological weapons)
109.
World Order: Any system for preventing or regulating conflicts among sovereign states in an anarchic system
110.
WW1: Germany loses war to: United States, England, France. Treaty of Versailles forced germany to pay, reperations 33 billion to its enemies and to give up land. Result: Germany are angry and humiliated.
111.
WW2: Hitler, invading Poland, was the begining of the war, but we got involved when Japan, bombed Pearl Harbor. We then dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
