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Neuron Cell Body -->***Don't confuse nucleolus in the NUCLEUS with the Neuron Cell body (Basophilic staining around nucleus) -->Nissel Bodeis seen in the cytoplasm -->Dendrites present in lower 2 pictures, surrounding the axon (A) protruding from axon hillock http://o.quizlet.com/i/Coir5bXCZ7LzcdAjPQSyTg.jpg Neuron Cell Body -->Prominent Nissel Bodies http://o.quizlet.com/i/LiiQ3ghluwJHIy1Y1kH5ug.jpg Dendritic Spines ***Do not contain Golgi Apparatus http://o.quizlet.com/i/DIbMXGDgb2HAxmTm4UTILQ.jpg Multipolar, Bipolar, & Psuedo-Unipolar Neurons http://o.quizlet.com/i/26b0OE1_d7DqCgWq0cfO1g.jpg Different Types of neurons http://o.quizlet.com/i/PZvPV_mPzzQPWq_VUEqpQA.jpg Types of Neuroglia http://o.quizlet.com/i/56Pa0cLjGO5a65RSMsb8mw.jpg Astrocytes & Oligodendrocytes/Oligiodendroglia in the GREY MATTER -->Know you are in the grey matter because you see neuronal cell bodies -->Only Astrocytes in grey matter are the protoplamic astrocytes (Small nuclei with disperesed/vesicular chromatin) -->Oligiodendrocytes have "fried egg appearance"(small round nucleus with unstained nucleus) http://o.quizlet.com/i/aPVn0GIbTJJfrjsPOWDRTA.jpg Astrocytes & Oligiodendrocytes in WHITE matter of the CNS (No neuronal cell bodies) -->Only astrocytes in the white matter is the fibrous astrocytes http://o.quizlet.com/i/COMD73TFuyGEcrE6CoRPSQ.jpg Protoplasmic vs Fibrous Astrocyte http://o.quizlet.com/i/xf0Edn8CfmKOEAFAUTgZDg.jpg Astrocyte -->Contain protein Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in intermediate filaments & microtubules http://o.quizlet.com/i/l_Q02gX8m3uOKEnb6GhLqA.jpg Protoplasmic Vs. Fibrous Astrocyte http://o.quizlet.com/i/zWcOiVWH1pHsa--yamfeUw.jpg Oligiodendrocyte http://o.quizlet.com/i/hkYiI8h7MkplSnlVtSKGEA.jpg Oligiodendrocytes & myelin sheaths in CNS -->"Fried Egg" Appearnce -->Ring is the myelin sheath -->Axon is in the middle of ring of myelin sheath http://o.quizlet.com/i/d0xojhALUsm2GBV-Ff-38A.jpg Oligiodendrocytes & myelin sheaths in CNS http://o.quizlet.com/i/8kqD3K_5hOvHN_RFKr3iRA.jpg Fried egg appearance of oligodendrocytes http://o.quizlet.com/i/r7CBnpK-AO8PF_lR7AnnVg.jpg Oligodendroglioma (Tumor of Oligodendrocytes) -->First symptom usually is seizure -->Fried egg appearance & chicken wire-like appearance in blood vessels http://o.quizlet.com/i/cIHDdj0ZPcg2SBKoIH-scA.jpg Schwann Cells -->Surrounded myelinated & unmyelinated nerves http://o.quizlet.com/i/PCZTch8R2qZXmw8gQl66nA.jpg Microglia Cell http://o.quizlet.com/i/AowL-tZFIFhQMswn5z6Gbw.jpg Microglia Cells -->Notice highly branched processes -->Stained well via Ricinus communis agglutinin (binds to sugars on cell membrane) http://o.quizlet.com/i/ZDL7RljYHdmNfS1W_5SGQA.jpg Microglia in white matter -->Stained using a CD68 Marker specific for macrophage lineage -->Both a phagocytic AND antigen-presenting cell http://o.quizlet.com/i/BvyhgUFIofwFicw5Y6kx9w.jpg Ependymal Cells (Found lining ventricles & central canal of spinal cord -->Contains KINOCILLIA that fxn's to move CSF http://o.quizlet.com/i/xJmt-hPGZ7y0nnDwuw383Q.jpg Ependyma of the ventricles -->Contains ***no basement membrane underneath epithelium -->Cillia & Microvilli Found on the surface http://o.quizlet.com/i/1-pw1njQ0g49iR8r-gf68g.jpg Non-Myelinated Nerve Fiber -->Can see nerve external lamina on outer surface of Schwann Cell (~lamina densa in the basal lamina of epithelia)(top right) -->Nucleus of Schwann Cell (N;bottom) -->Cytoplasmic protrusion of a fibroblast (F; Bottom) -->Lower Schwann Cells below one with large nucles: 1)Mitochondria 2)Axoplasm 3)Axolemma 4)***Microtuble/Neurofilaments (NOT actin filaments) http://o.quizlet.com/i/lwsuG2OJfKPRRs8Nycg-EQ.jpg Myelinated Nerve Fiber -->Schwann cell nuclues to the right of an axon surrounded by a myelin sheath 1)Myelin sheath contains cytoplasm inside AND outside of the myelin sheath http://o.quizlet.com/i/tDNfjA7-mKXl4MpBITy_Iw.jpg Myelin Sheath -->Darkest lines are Major Dense Lines (fusion of cytoplasmic leaflets) -->Ligher Lines are intraperiod lines (Apposed external member leaflets) -->See cytoplasm of Schwann cell inside myelin sheath (Ci) vs. outside (C) http://o.quizlet.com/i/Mt2AHo4tpBOGPQYljosXVQ.jpg Picture of patient with mutiple scelrosis (disorders of myelin) -->Myelin degeneration http://o.quizlet.com/i/Ke3QRM1Cr5MP8CObnolb1g.jpg Node of Ranvier ***not covered by myelin -->located internodes http://o.quizlet.com/i/SLjGQO3E1YkW_r0OfHsemg.jpg EM of a Node of Ranvier -->The region between two Schwann Cells covered by myelin sheath (M) (Right in middle of picture) -->Small membrane loops seen (L) where major dense lines expand & node becomes shorder -->External Lamina of Schwann Cell -->Collagen fibrils in ENDONEURIUM ***Also contains non-myelinated axons http://o.quizlet.com/i/n_uuUJXN58eOSHGyu3lrtQ.jpg Section of Nerve Fiber 1)Axon surrounded by myelin (not seen due to lipid component dissolved during preparation) 2)Nodes of Ranvier 3)Fibroblast or Fibrocyte (Elongated & Flattened nuclei vs Schwann cells) -->Surrounded by ENDONERIUM with collagen & connective tissue http://o.quizlet.com/i/dG-ywptvppc0wqyxKVBRBw.jpg ***Schmidt-Lanterman Clefts*** -->The uncompated region of the myelin sheath -->Creates a narrow channel connecting peripheral cytoplasm of Schwann cell to the periaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell http://o.quizlet.com/i/8BsQqKaL_xSk7VdQps3qhg.jpg Medium Sized Peripheral Nerve -->Containing 8 fascicles & aggregation of blood vessel (enter endoneurium to supply nutrients to the nerve cell) -->Epineurium surround entire nerve fiber, Perineurium surrounds fascicle (***Stains darkly) -->Connective tissue in between bundles are produced by fibrocytes http://o.quizlet.com/i/-sdvP8-ZWaNCZJPC4xcOfQ.jpg Peripheral nerve -->See epineurium vs. perineurium http://o.quizlet.com/i/ZKaH56JSoOKqci-_tEWhZw.jpg Peripheral Nerve -->Can see axon ("small dot") surrounded by myelin ("white empty space"); Both are enclosed by the plasma membrane of a Schwann Cell http://o.quizlet.com/i/1BgmUvPCZkwUyE9fVWWrsA.jpg Peripheral Nerve -->Illustrates node of Ranvier & nuclei of Schwann cell http://o.quizlet.com/i/UO6Fw6XnzYt7SXJFop-sxw.jpg Peripheral nerve -->Axons surrounded by myelin sheath seen in the middle http://o.quizlet.com/i/PtBGgtPRpGbHhaQEWxp3fA.jpg Peripheral nerve (***Non-lipid Staining***) -->Used to illustrate the myelin sheaths (dark blue; small ring-shaped structures) -->Space between the two is ENDONEURIUM http://o.quizlet.com/i/snFDgutg2NDCUTvTRoh_eQ.jpg Picture of a SINGLE nerve bundle -->Can see space btwn. epineurium & perineurium -->Endoneurium also visible http://o.quizlet.com/i/SAIrqghdf6dUQnpH7JPyhg.jpg Transvers section of the myelin sheath http://o.quizlet.com/i/w89ilvMppgTI9xiIRvYuiA.jpg Small Peripheral Nerve fasciles -->Contains a wavy pattern that allow STRECHING (Ex. Bowel) http://o.quizlet.com/i/iq7Lh2tYahGmV76FpokjAQ.jpg Peripheral Nerve -->See Schwann cell nuclei or fibrocyte/fibroblast nuclei (Hard to differentiate at this magnification) http://o.quizlet.com/i/vGXdBfx1cKe0_CZoTVfsdA.jpg Simple Receptor -->Found in the skin (temp. & pain) & hair follicles (touch) -->Can see free nerve endings http://o.quizlet.com/i/c-VIzViQHSxhbHxJtMKi-w.jpg Messiner's Corpuscles -->Small encapsulated sensory receptor -->Compound Receptor -->Found in DERMIS of skin -->Used for LIGHT DISCRIMINATORY TOUCH http://o.quizlet.com/i/E8U9AnCmYFuEb7HKqgUMgw.jpg Meissner's Corpuscles (Seen below epidermis of skin) http://o.quizlet.com/i/wddvhxGhzlj6Dx5L3PQtGg.jpg Pacinian Corpuscle -->Large encapsulated sensory receptor -->Compound Receptor -->Found in DEEPER layers of the skin, ligaments & joint capsules -->Used for reception of PRESSURE, TENSION, & VIBRATION http://o.quizlet.com/i/JsoKgRljiOn6f0nNFIttcg.jpg Neuromuscular Spindle -->Senses Stretch -->Located Within Skeletal Muscle -->Responsible for regulation of muscle tone via the spinal stretch reflex -->Contains an outer capsule, with darkly stained interfusal fibers in the center 1)Lymph fluid seen within the capsule http://o.quizlet.com/i/aZzEDRbccTU1M7x14s08sw.jpg Cross section of spinal cord http://o.quizlet.com/i/0q_cLyf5HlG0YdedTVc1jQ.jpg Spinal Ganglion -->On Left Image: 1)Can see nucleolus in nucleus, surrounded by plasma membrane -->On Right Image: 1)Closer view of a nerve cell body (large cell, abundant cytoplasm, CENTRAL nuclues, prominent nucleolus) -->Satallite Cells surround the periphery of the cell (for structural & metabolic support) ***NUCLEUS OF A SPINAL GANGLION is CENTRALLY LOCATED*** http://o.quizlet.com/i/X9M35JWmGNJAD0dSW9DoMw.jpg Sympathetic Ganglion (Autonomic Ganglion) 1)Similar to somatic sensory ggl. 2) Multipolar; widely spaced 3)Nuclei: ***eccentric*** 4)Cytoplasm: ***lipofuscin granules*** 5)Satellite cells: fewer & irreg. placed (bcs of more dendrites). ***NUCLEUS OF A AUTONOMIC GANGLION IS ECCENTRICALLY LOCATED*** http://o.quizlet.com/i/p2Ipk6AzhNhd5XCjIyV2ag.jpg Parasympathetic Ganglion (Autonomic Ganglion) 1) Cell body of terminal effector neurons. 2)***Located within or near the organ*** 3)Nuclei: eccentric, large, ***dispersed chromatin***, prominent nucleoli. 4)Cytoplasm: extensive ***basophilic*** ***NUCLEUS OF A AUTONOMIC GANGLION IS ECCENTRICALLY LOCATED*** http://o.quizlet.com/i/Ooym5D1ZPbiBhuWZj4oMOQ.jpg Transversely Cut Smooth Muscle containing parasympathetic ganglion (b/c near organ/tissue of innervation) http://o.quizlet.com/i/66uWgBWH3Z5bNCTxk5DHrw.jpg Wall of Urinary Bladder Containing parasympathetic ganglion (near the center) http://o.quizlet.com/i/5N0S-RL5VQtmJ12TQ6vtrQ.jpg Choroid Plexus -->Contains blood vesels in the center surrounded by ependymal cells Villous structure -->thin walled or fenestrated capillaries covered by cuboidal/ columnar epithelium (Near the top; to the right of the blood vesel) Epithel: rest on basal lamina, long bulbous microvilli (EM), many mitoch -->active sodium ions secretion, followed by water secretion. http://o.quizlet.com/i/9WHx0hwblGxsJ_Wf1v2kNA.jpg Choroid Plexus from the cerebellum -->See blood vessels in the middle http://o.quizlet.com/i/XhqMP7DPNUjxN1-jjJqM2A.jpg Pia (P) & Arachnoid (A) Layers -->Blood vessels in middle ("Meningeal vessels" in subarch. space -->S: sulci http://o.quizlet.com/i/sNWFX8dwW93wJl50H7LKIw.jpg Pia & Arachnoid mater in betwn. subarachnoid space (SS) -->Can see pervascular space (PVS) surrounding the penetrating vessel http://o.quizlet.com/i/LkEWXNdXqptrbDj1_nM-ig.jpg Capillary of the blood brain barrier (see lower slide for details) ***continuous type except for choroid plexus & others http://o.quizlet.com/i/aZc44q2kjjmR6m2As9VJ8w.jpg Blood Brain Barrier --->Center curved image is interconnected bundles of endothelium that surround the capillaries http://o.quizlet.com/i/UJYG9UFYyU5XW9eNg36XqA.jpg Epidural Hematoma ("Lens Shaped") http://o.quizlet.com/i/ohKcMEBtx10dSilmOocgwQ.jpg Subdural Hematoma ("Crescent or Moon Shaped") http://o.quizlet.com/i/ET3_b_-J70Yzgf4MI1Me6w.jpg Topagraphy of CNS http://o.quizlet.com/i/u9X_8Z6tPF-10MPMmnBGSg.jpg Shapes of Grey & White matte in the spinal cord http://o.quizlet.com/i/_MuHAKFmQtSaJe5Hd1dT8Q.jpg Cervical & Thoracic Sections of spinal column http://o.quizlet.com/i/bm03aulonmc5dPbFIa6c5g.jpg Lumbar & Sacral components of Spinal Cord http://o.quizlet.com/i/cP-1fa5OneYsJrrfsVhmlQ.jpg Picture of Lower motor neuron at the anterior horn of the spinal cord -->Long Protrusion is the DENDRITE -->Dark Spots in the cytoplasm are lipofusion granules -->Small nuclei surrounding the nerve cell are neuroglial (glial) Cells http://o.quizlet.com/i/GtROt77rXEPdjZuhtke92A.jpg Caudal Medulla -->Contains Nucleus Cuneatus & Gracilis -->" Pyrimidal Decussation http://o.quizlet.com/i/ITvQgCXrg-kO98Xu23fAQg.jpg Rostral Medulla -->Contains Olve ("curved line") -->No nucleus cuneatus or gracilis http://o.quizlet.com/i/ii7fi9sZF9OLUq7t_EBtDQ.jpg MidPons -->Contains Central Pontine Nuclei http://o.quizlet.com/i/h6XoP9Ef5SCiBwgutsM3ww.jpg Cortex of ("Folia) with branching medulla of white matter in the CEREBELLUM http://o.quizlet.com/i/QG5HpI6pTh8B1BhgdtJfeA.jpg Left Image: Cortex of the Cerebellum Right image: Molecular, purkinje, & granular layer of the cerebellar cortex http://o.quizlet.com/i/ByGZTWhl9nukVgee2qt9pA.jpg Picture of axon & cell bodies in granular layer -->Purkinje cells also visible (Axons go granular layer; dendrites of cell enter molecular layer 1)Black stained fibrils of basket cell axons surround the purkinje cell http://o.quizlet.com/i/0KaR6hW4PXqciz6QHigZ9Q.jpg Black dot indicaates axon of purkinje fiber in the granular layer http://o.quizlet.com/i/nsnZzepqenylbIUIubMlYg.jpg Purkinje Cells in Cortex of Cerebellum (3 layers are visible) http://o.quizlet.com/i/uCrYYcGtznXB5swJawGfYg.jpg Medulla of Cerebellum (Internal White Mass) -->The region of white matter DEEP to granular layer of the CEREBELLUM -->Composed mostly of myelinated fibers & associated neroglial cells 1)Astrocyte (Vesicular/Dispersed Chromatin 2)Oligodendrocyte (Dense chromatin with clear cytoplasm cells) http://o.quizlet.com/i/yjNtPzd1G0PLdB8GzJFdkg.jpg Substantia Niagra http://o.quizlet.com/i/MN1JS47L8mXTLzIy-QOzxw.jpg Normal Vs. Parkison's Disease (Right) http://o.quizlet.com/i/SxVZbZl0ztAQh75lu0ozcA.jpg Normal Vs. Parkison's Disease (Left) -->Diminished Substantia Niagra http://o.quizlet.com/i/_L_DoMK1w4lUL-VhD0--cw.jpg Thalmus http://o.quizlet.com/i/uqy0xVEXKY7Qbu9h0RSB4w.jpg 6 Layers of Neocortex of Cerebrum (Mol-G-P-G-P-Pol) http://o.quizlet.com/i/ctJmQ2WMfKFXhsRWy24Xpw.jpg Cell Types in 6 Layers of Neocortex of Cerebrum (Mol-G-P-G-P-Pol) http://o.quizlet.com/i/RSCAsRGxuOej86aCcgiHdg.jpg -->Betz Cells in Layer V of Neocortex -->Polygonal Cell of Martinotti in Layer 3 of Neocortex http://o.quizlet.com/i/gpV-zvnxUnAOqbUue7ZhQw.jpg Large Betz Cells in Layer V of Neocortex http://o.quizlet.com/i/1H_7teh7iIkwNp4VIqb0uw.jpg Cortex of Cerebrum -->Containing large pyrimidal cell (Betz) representing an ***UMN*** -->Small Cells in the periphery are granular (stellate) cells http://o.quizlet.com/i/uBX0c6YG-B_n7xK3fz9ukQ.jpg