A&P questions 67-125
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Danaleighp on October 11, 2011
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Exercise increases venous return because: the increase in respiratory rate and depth inhibits the action of the thoracic pump. muscle contractions decrease venous return by means of the skeletal muscle pump. blood vessels of the skeletal muscles, lungs, and coronary circulation dilate, increasing flow. decreased venous return increases cardiac output, which is important in perfusion of the muscles just when they need it most. the heart beats faster and harder, increasing cardiac output and blood pressure. |  blood vessels of the skeletal muscles, lungs, and coronary circulation dilate, increasing flow.the heart beats faster and harder, increasing cardiac output and blood pressure. |
| Decompensated shock results in: ischemia and acidosis of the brainstem, which depress the vasomotor and cardiac centers. several life-threatening positive feedback loops. myocardial ischemia and infarction. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). All of the choices are correct. | ischemia and acidosis of the brainstem, which depress the vasomotor and cardiac centers. several life-threatening positive feedback loops. myocardial ischemia and infarction. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). *** All of the choices are correct. |
| The main chemical stimulus for cerebral autoregulation is pH. sodium levels. CO2. O2. None of the choices are correct. | pH. |
| During exercise, the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves cause precapillary sphincters to constrict in response to muscle metabolites such as lactic acid, CO2, and adenosine. arterioles to dilate in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine. muscular contraction to compresses the blood vessels. parasympathetic nerves to be activated. None of the choices are correct. | arterioles to dilate in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| These are all possible circulatory routes from the heart except heart → arteries → capillary bed → veins → heart heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → veins → heart heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → arteries → heart heart → arteries → arterial anastomosis → capillary bed → veins → heart heart → arteries → arterial anastomosis → capillary bed → venous anastomosis → veins → heart | heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → arteries → heart |
| In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. Varicose veins are caused by an aneurysm or weak point in an artery. an aneurysm or weak point in a vein. failure of the venous valves. failure of the lymphatic valves. a ruptured aneurysm in a vein. | failure of the venous valves. |
| What is the mean arterial pressure for a person with 110 and 65 mm Hg as systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively? 45 mm Hg 80 mm Hg 87.5 mm Hg 90 mm Hg 175 mm Hg | 80 mm Hg |
| The medullary ischemic reflex results in increased circulation to the brain. reduced circulation to the brain. ischemia of the medulla oblongata. increased circulation to the adrenal medulla. hormone secretion by the adrenal medulla when perfusion drops. | increased circulation to the brain. |
| ____________ are powerful vasoconstrictors, and _______________ also increases heart rate. Norepinephrine and antidiuretic hormone (ADH); antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Norepinephrine and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); norepinephrine Epinephrine and angiotensin II; epinephrine Epinephrine and aldosterone; epinephrine Epinephrine and antidiuretic hormone (ADH); antidiuretic hormone (A | Epinephrine and angiotensin II; epinephrine |
| The most important force driving filtration at the arterial end of a capillary is oncotic pressure. tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure. blood colloid osmotic pressure. interstitial hydrostatic pressure. blood hydrostatic pressure. | blood hydrostatic pressure. |
| ________________ by the capillaries at their venous end. Waste products are taken up Oxygen and glucose are taken up Oxygen and glucose are given off Wastes are given off Organic nutrients are taken up | Oxygen and glucose are taken up |
| The most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary is oncotic pressure. tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure. blood colloid osmotic pressure. interstitial hydrostatic pressure. blood hydrostatic pressure. | blood colloid osmotic pressure. |
| ____________ would not increase capillary filtration. Blockage of lymphatic capillaries Dehydration Increased capillary permeability Dietary protein deficiency Obstructed venous return | Dehydration |
| A mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 60 mmHg can cause _____, whereas a MAP above 160 mmHg can cause _____________. neurogenic shock; syncope neurogenic shock; cardiogenic shock compensated shock; decompensated shock syncope; neurogenic shock syncope; cerebral edema | syncope; cerebral edema |
| _______________ does not contribute to venous return. The difference of pressure between venules and the venae cavae The expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during ventilation The suction created by the atria slightly expanding during ventricular systole Widespread vasodilation Contraction of skeletal muscles of the limbs | Widespread vasodilation |
| A bee sting can trigger a massive release of histamine, which causes ___________ and a(n) _____________ in arterial blood pressure. vasodilation; decrease vasodilation; increase vasoconstriction; decrease vasoconstriction; increase vasoconstriction; oscillation | vasodilation; decrease |
| Pulmonary arteries have ________________ blood pressure compared to systemic arteries. similar a little lower considerably lower considerably higher a little higher | considerably lower |
| How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart? 0 1 2 4 7 | 0 |
| The lungs receive a systemic blood supply by way of the right pulmonary artery. left pulmonary artery. pulmonary veins. bronchial arteries. lobar arteries. | bronchial arteries. |
| The _______________ supplies 80% of the cerebrum. superficial temporal artery occipital artery internal carotid artery anterior cerebral artery middle cerebral artery | internal carotid artery |
| From superior to inferior, the major branches of the abdominal aorta are celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries. celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, gonadal arteries, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries. superior mesenteric artery, celiac trunk, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries. superior mesenteric artery, celiac trunk, gonadal arteries, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries. superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, celiac trunk, gonadal arteries, renal arteries, and common iliac arteries. | celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries. |
| These are all tributaries of the inferior vena cava except the hepatic veins. the internal and external iliac veins. the inferior phrenic veins. the vertebral veins. the lumbar veins. | the vertebral veins. |
| All these can lead to edema except obstruction of lymphatic vessels. liver disease. famine. hyperproteinemia. hypertension. | hyperproteinemia. |
| Vasomotion is associated with the presence of collagen and elastic tissue in the tunica media. elastic tissue in the tunica externa. endothelium in the tunica interna. smooth muscle in the tunica media. fenestrations in the tunica externa. | smooth muscle in the tunica media. |
| The velocity of blood flow decreases when viscosity increases. blood pressure increases. vessel radius increases. afterload increases. vasomotion decreases. | viscosity increases. |
| _______________ has the most important effect on blood velocity. Blood viscosity Vessel radius Blood osmolarity Hematocrit Vessel length | Blood viscosity |
| ___________________ shock can be produced by hemorrhage, severe burns, or dehydration. Anaphylactic Cardiogenic Hypovolemic Venous pooling (vascular) Neurogenic | Hypovolemic |
| ______________ shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary permeability. Compensated Anaphylactic Neurogenic Cardiogenic Septic | Septic |
| Blood flow to the _______________ remains quite stable even when mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuates from 60 to 140 mm Hg. hypothalamus adrenal gland stomach skeletal muscles kidneys | hypothalamus |
| After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the right ventricle. pulmonary trunk. superior vena cava. ascending aorta. left atrium. | who knows |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle can cause pulmonary edema. can cause systemic edema. increases the ejection fraction of the right ventricle. reduces the ejection fraction of the left ventricle. increases cardiac output in both ventricles. | can cause systemic edema. |
| Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV and HR are SV=30 mL/beat, HR=80 bpm. SV=40 mL/beat, HR=60 bpm. SV=80 mL/beat, HR=30 bpm. SV=150 mL/beat, HR=16 bpm. SV=16 mL/beat, HR=150 bpm. | SV=30 mL/beat, HR=80 bpm. |
| ____________ carry oxygen-poor blood. Pulmonary veins and vena cavae Aorta and pulmonary veins Aorta and vena cavae Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries | Pulmonary veins and vena cavae |
| This is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left ventricle (LV). sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers → cardiocyte in LV atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → sinoatrial (SA) node → cardiocyte in LV atrioventricular (AV) node → sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → Purkinje fibers → cardiocyte in LV sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → Purkinje fibers → cardiocyte in LV sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → Purkinje fibers → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → cardiocyte in LV | sinoatrial (SA) node → atrioventricular (AV) node → atrioventricular (AV) bundle → Purkinje fibers → cardiocyte in LV |
| The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of Na+ inflow. K+ inflow. K+ outflow. fast Ca2+ channels. slow Ca2+ channels. | slow Ca2+ channels. |
| If the sinoatrial (SA) is damaged, the heart will likely beat at less than 10 bpm. 10 to 20 bpm. 20 to 40 bpm. 40 to 50 bpm. 70 to 80 bpm. | 40 to 50 bpm. |
| This is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle. ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection ventricular filling → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction → isovolumetric relaxation ventricular filling → isovolumetric relaxation → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric contraction ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric relaxation | ventricular filling → isovolumetric contraction → ventricular ejection → isovolumetric relaxation |
| ______________ belong to the pulmonary circuit. Aorta and venae cavae Aorta and pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries and venae cavae Venae cavae and pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins | Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins |
| _____________ is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart. Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium Endocardium Epicardium Myocardium | Parietal pericardium |
| Pericardial fluid is found between the visceral pericardium and the myocardium. the visceral pericardium and the epicardium. the parietal and visceral membranes. myocardium and endocardium. epicardium and myocardium. | the parietal and visceral membranes. |
| The ________________ performs the work of the heart. fibrous skeleton pericardial cavity endocardium myocardium epicardium | myocardium |
| The tricuspid valve regulates the opening between the right atrium and the left atrium. the right atrium and right ventricle. the right atrium and the left ventricle. the left atrium and the left ventricle. the left ventricle and the right ventricle. | the right atrium and right ventricle. |
| The ________________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat. sympathetic division of the nervous system autonomic nervous system sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node cardiac conduction system | sinoatrial (SA) node |
| Which of these is not part of the cardiac conduction system? the sinoatrial (SA) node the tendinous cords (TC) the atrioventricular (AV) node the atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) the Purkinje fibers | the tendinous cords (TC) |
| These are features of cardiac muscle fibers except they depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration. they are rich in glycogen. they have huge mitochondria. they are very rich in myoglobin. they have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers. | they have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers. |
| The pacemaker potential is a result of Na+ inflow. Na+ outflow. K+ inflow. K+ outflow. Ca2+ inflow. | K+ outflow. |
| Cells of the sinoatrial node ____________ during the pacemaker potential. depolarize fast depolarize slow repolarize slow repolarize fast depolarize slow and repolarize fast | depolarize slow |
| Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n) ectopic focus. sinus rhythm. nodal rhythm. heart block. arrhythmia. | sinus rhythm. |
| The _______________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction. extracellular fluid mitochondria sarcoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus cytoskeleton | cytoskeleton |
| Atrial depolarization causes the P wave. the QRS complex. the T wave. the first heart sound. the quiescent period. | the T wave. |
| When the left ventricle contracts, the _____ valve closes and the _____ valve is pushed open. bicuspid; pulmonary tricuspid; pulmonary tricuspid; aortic mitral; aortic aortic; pulmonary | mitral; aortic |
| _____________ would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in blood. Severe liver failure A diet predominantly based on red meat Starvation An extremely low-protein diet Hypoproteinemia | A diet predominantly based on red meat |
| Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high. there is hyperproteinemia. the concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high. hematocrit is high. there is a dietary protein deficiency. | there is a dietary protein deficiency. |
| A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis. The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type _____ and both children are most likely _____. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive | A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive |
| The viscosity of blood is due more to _____________ than to any other factor. fibrin albumin sodium erythrocytes nitrogenous wastes | erythrocytes |
| Some lymphocytes can survive for days. weeks. months. years. decades. | decades. |
| Arteries are sometimes called the _______________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong-resilient tissue strucure. resistance capacitance hydrodynamic compliance fenestrated | resistance |
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