adv 344k midterm (part 3)
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cohort | Individuals or groups with a common starting point (e.g. class of 1997) |
| Measurement Validity | extent to which measures indicate what they are intended to measure - face, content, criterion, concurrent, predictive and construct |
| Face Validity | measurement validity: if the measure obviously pertains to the meaning of the concept being measure |
| Content Validity | measurement validity: measure covers the full range of the concept's meaning |
| Criterion Validity | measurement validity: scores obtained on one measure can be accurately compared to those obtained with a more direct or already validated measures of the same phenomena (the criterion) |
| Concurrent Validity | measurement validity: exists when a measure yields scores that are closely related to scores on a criterion measured at the same time |
| Predictive Validity | measurement validity: the ability of a measure to predict scores on a criterion measured in the future |
| Construct Validity | measurement validity: a measure is related to a variety of other measures as specified in a theory |
| Reliability | measurement procedure yields consistent scores when the phenomenon being measured is not changing; prerequisite for measurement validity |
| Test-retest | indication of reliability: measured twice at two points in time |
| Inter-item | indication of reliability: aka internal consistency; multiple items are relative (correlated) under one concept |
| Split-halves | indication of reliability: when responses to the same questions by two randomly selected halves of a sample are about the same - 2 forms of the question, sample divided in two |
| Inter-observer | indication of reliability: two or more people agree on what was observed; when similar measurements are obtained by different observers |
| Complete Observation | a role in participant research in which the research does not actively participate in group activities and is publicly defined as a researcher |
| Covert Participation | complete participation; a role in field research in which the research does not reveal his or her identity as a researcher to those who are observed |
| Field Notes | notes that describe what has been observed, heard or otherwise experienced in a participant observation study; usually written after the observational session; detailed, complete and true to what was heard |
| Jottings | brief notes serve memory when writing field notes later, highlights of the observation period |
| Field Research | research in which natural social processes are studied as they happen and left relatively undisturbed |
| Focus Groups | group interviews, centered around a general topic, relatively unstructured, facilitator engages discussion among participants; 7-10 people, results are qualitative |
| Gatekeeper | a person in a field setting who can grant researchers access to the setting |
| In-depth Interviewing | intensive; a qualitative method that involves open-ended, relatively unstructured questioning in which the interviewer seeks in-depth information on the interviewee's feelings, experience and perceptions |
| Key Informant | an insider who is willing and able to provide a field researcher with superior access and info, including answers to question that arise in the course of research |
| Participant Observation | a qualitative method for gathering data that involves developing a sustained relationship with people while they go about their normal activities |
| Qualitative Methods | 5 steps: 1. begin with exploratory research question, 2. focus on previously unstudied processes and unanticipated phenomenon, 3. orientation to social context, 4. focus on human subjectivity and 5. sensitivity to the subjective role of the researcher |
| Reactive Effects | the changes in an individual or group behavior that are due to being observed or otherwise studied |
| Saturation Point | the point at which subject selection is ended in intensive interviewing because new interviews seem to yield little additional info |
| Theoretical Sampling | drawn in sequential fashion, with settings or individuals selected for study as earlier observations or interviews indicate that these settings or individuals are influential; recommended method |
| Grounded Theory | systematic theory developed inductively, based on observations that are summarized into conceptual categories, re-evaluated in the research setting and gradually refined and linked to other conceptual categories |
| Emic Focus | representing a setting with the participants' terms |
| Etic Focus | representing a setting with the researcher's terms |
| Ethnography | the study and systematic recording of human cultures |
| Matrix | a chart used to condense qualitative data into simple categories and provide a multidimensional summary that will facilitate subsequent, more intensive analysis |
| Narrative Analysis | a form of qualitative analysis in which the analyst focuses on how respondents impose order on the flow of experience in their lives and so make sense of events and actions in which they have participated |
| Progressive Focusing | the process wherein when it appears that additional concepts need to be investigated or new relationships explored, the analysis adjusts the data collection |
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