Psychology Prologue and Chapter One
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Created by:
ScottyIsThere on October 11, 2011
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Terms and Definitions!
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Functionalism | a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. |
| Structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind |
| Basic Research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
| Applied Research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| Cognitive Perspective | how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
| Independent and Dependent Variable | I- the experimental factor that is manipulated D- is the outcome |
| Learning | the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge |
| Laboratory Observation | the study of behavior in a controlled situation |
| Naturalistic Observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation |
| Case Study | a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view |
| Survey | a detailed critical inspection |
| Psychiatrist | a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders; can prescribe medication |
| Psychologist | A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals |
| Mean | an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n |
| Median | the value below which 50% of the cases fall |
| Mode | the most frequent value of a random variable |
| Placebo Effect | experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent |
| Random Sample | a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected |
| Correlation (Positive and Negative) | A number that describes how two measures, or variables, are associated with one another. Positive = direct and Negative = indirect |
| Culture | the raising of plants or animals |
| Theories | a widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence |
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