Unit 11: Testing and Individual Differences
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Created by:
SarahReynolds on October 11, 2011
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 intelligence test | A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. |
| intelligence | Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. |
| general intelligence (g) | A general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. |
| factor analysis | A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score. |
| savant syndrome | A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. |
| linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spacial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist | What were Gardner's Eight Intelligences? |
| 8 | How many intelligences were included in Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence? |
| 3 | How many intelligences were included in Robert Sternberg's theory of intelligence? |
| analytic, creative, and practical | What were Sternberg's Three Intelligences? |
| general intelligence | What was Spearman's theory of intelligence? |
| primary mental abilities | What was Thurstone's theory of intelligence? |
| analytic (intelligence) | What kind of intelligence is academic and problem solving abilities? |
| creative (intelligence) | What kind of intelligence is demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas? |
| practical (intelligence) | What kind of intelligence is required for everyday tasks such as writing effective memos, motivating people, reading people, and promoting one's own career (people skills)? |
| emotional intelligence | The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions? |
| mental age | A measure of intelligence performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. |
| Stanford-Binet | The widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test. |
| IQ (intelligence quotient) | Defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus __ = ma/ca x 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. |
| achievement tests | Tests designed to assess what a person has learned. |
| aptitude tests | Tests designed to predict a person's future performance; _____ is the capacity to learn. |
| WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) | The _____ is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. |
| standardization | Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. |
| normal curve | The symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. |
| reliability | The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting. |
| validity | The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. |
| content validity | The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. |
| predictive validity | The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. AKA "criterion-related validity". |
| intellectual disability | A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. |
| Down syndrome | A condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. |
| stereotype threat | A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. |
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