1.
amygdala: ...
2.
aphasia: ...
3.
association areas: areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
4.
brainstem: the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
5.
Broca's area: controls language expression-an aread of the frontal, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
6.
cerebellum: the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
7.
cerebral cortex: the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
8.
corpus callosum: the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
9.
CT scan: a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body.
10.
frontal lobes: ...
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glial cells: ...
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hypothalamus: limbic system component that regulates hunger, body temperature and other functions
13.
lesion: tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue
14.
limbic system: a system of functionally related neural structures in the brain that are involved in emotional behavior
15.
medulla: the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
16.
motor cortex: an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
17.
MRI: a technique that enables us to see static images of the brain's structures; uses magnetism to achieve this effect
18.
occipital lobes: the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field.
19.
parietal lobes: the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
20.
PET scan: a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
21.
plasticity: the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development
22.
reticular formation: a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.
23.
sensory cortex: the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
24.
split brain: a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them
25.
temporal lobes: the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear
26.
thalamus: the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
27.
wenicke's area: controls language reception—a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe (p. 389)
