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tone the quality of something (an act or a piece of writing) that reveals the attitudes and presuppositions of the author theme a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work point of view the perspective from which a story is told paraphrase restate a passage in one's own words while retaining thought of author; N: restatement of a text in other words simile comparison using "like" or "as" personification representing an abstract quality or idea as a person or creature alliteration use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse metaphor a comparison without using like or as hyperbole a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor figurative language Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. literary conflict (n) the struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in a plot literary structures The author's method of organizing text (e.g., foreshadowing, flashbacks). idiomatic language An expression peculiar to itself grammatically or that cannot be understood if taken literally (e.g., Let's get on the ball.). literary devices Tools used by the author to enliven and provide voice to the writing (e.g., dialogue, alliteration). narrative passage Text in any form that recounts or tells a story. informational passage writing that provides factual information about real people, places, and events onomatopoeia words that sound like what they mean