Physical Science 9 weeks test
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 model | a representation of an object or event that can be studied to understand the real object or event |
| technology | the application of science for practical uses. Advances in science depend on this: |
| science | observing, studying, and experimenting to find the nature of things |
| critical thinking | when you approach a problem by asking questions, making observations, and using logic to make a decision |
| scientific methods | general ways to help organize your thinking about questions |
| law | a process in nature that can be tested by repeated experiments |
| variable | a factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis |
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| dependent variable | the observed result of the variable being manipulated or changed |
| accuracy | a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured |
| independent variable | the variable representing the value being manipulated or changed |
| precision | the exactness of a measurement |
| theory | an explanation of how a natural process works |
| weight | a measure of the gravitational force exertedd on an object |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| state | the physical form of a substance |
| melting point | the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| mixture | a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance |
| boiling point | the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
| physical properties | characteristics tha can be observed without changing the identity of the substance |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| water | when oxygen and hydrogen atoms combine to form a molecule |
| fluids | a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other |
| law of conservation of mass | the idea that mass cannot be created or destroyed |
| hydraulic devices | the use of liquids to transmit pressure form one point to another |
| pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface |
| plasma | a state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons that does not have definite shape or volume |
| gas laws | the laws that state the mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure, and quantity of as |
| condensation point | the temperature at which a gas becomes a liquid |
| viscosity | the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow |
| buoyant force | the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid |
| energy | the capacity to do work |
| pascal | the SI unit for pressure |
| temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| kinetic energy | the energy of motion |
| electrons | negatively charged particles inside the atom |
| nucleus | an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons |
| law of definite proportions | this states that a chemical compound always contains the same elemetns in exactly the same proportions by weight or mass. an example of this is water. |
| orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| protons and neutrons | two subatomic particles that are almost identical in size and mass |
| ground state | the lowest state of energy of an electron |
| photon | electrons gain energy by absorbing a particle of light called an ___. |
| electric force | positive and negative charges attract each other with a force known as ___. |
| s-orbital | Which orbital is sphere-shaped? |
| ion | a charged atom |
| mass number | the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| isotope | an atom that has the same number of protons but a defferent number of neutrons relative to other atoms of the same element |
| molar mass | the mass in grams of one mole of a substance |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| energy | in the modern atomic theory, electorns can be found only in certain ____ levels. |
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