Community health
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185 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur defines | public health |
| eating wisely, wearing a safety belt, and visiting a physician are examples of | personal health activities |
| the beginning of government's major involvement in social issues, including health, was marked by the | social security act of 1935 |
| community health concerns of the 21st century include | lifestyle diseases, environmental problems, health care delivery (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| the first professional preparation program for health educators began during which period of the twentieth century? | the 1920s (1922) |
| the goal of the Hill-Burton Act in 1946 was to enhance the quality of | hospitals |
| communicable diseases remain a concern in the 21st century because they are the primary cause for | days missed from work and school |
| the organization in the US with the main responsibility for improving health is | the department of health and human services |
| john snow's removal of a drinking water pump handle in 1854 in London, stopped a | cholera epidemic |
| the Shattuck report marked the beginning of the | modern era of public health (1850) |
| the economically disadvantaged generally uses what point of entry into the health care system? | the emergency department |
| the man credited with successfully demonstrating the process of vaccination as a protection against smallpox, in 1796, was | Dr. Edward Jenner |
| the federal government's approach to public health issues in the US during nineteenth century could be characterized as one of | "hands off" laissez faire |
| the modern era of public health began in | 1850 |
| the germ theory of disease was proposed in 1862 by | louis pasteur |
| the public health service grew out of what earlier organization? | marine hospital service |
| t/f a community is a group of people who have common characteristics | true |
| t/f the medicare and medicaid bills passed by congress in 1965 were amendments to the social security act of 1935. | true |
| t/f medicaid is a program that primarily assists in the payment of medical bills for the elderly | false |
| t/f the ability of the health care system to prevent, protect against, quickly respond to, and recover from health emergencies defines medical preparedness | true |
| agencies that are funded primarily through tax dollars are referred to as | governmental agencies |
| the secretary of health and human services is | appointed by the President |
| which agency maintains records, analyzes disease trends, and publishes epidemiological reports on all types of diseases? | centers for disease control and prevention |
| which agency is a leading medical research center, and the federal focal point for medical research in the US? | national institute of health |
| an example of a quasi-governmental health organization is | the national science foundation |
| nongovernmental health agencies are funded primarily by | private donations |
| most voluntary health agencies exist at the | local, state, and national levels |
| the mission of professional health organizations is to | promote high standards of professional practice for their specific professions |
| the main reason for corporate involvement in community health is due to | the provision of health care benefits to employees |
| the largest and most visible international health agency is the | world health organization |
| the food and drug administration sets health and safety standards for all | food, cosmetics, drugs (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| inspection of restaurants is the task of the | local health department |
| one of the world health organization's most noteworthy achievements was helping to eradicate smallpox (1967) | true |
| t/f the superfund legislation was enacted to deal wit the cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment | true |
| t/f the core functions of public health are utilized by state health agencies | true |
| t/f the american red cross is classified as a quasi-governmental health organization | true |
| an epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure is a | propagated epidemic curve |
| a probability statement about the association between a particular disease and a specific risk factor is | an odds ratio |
| when using criteria of causation, the criterion that addresses the issue of whether the associate has been reported in a variety of people, exposed in a variety of settings, and can have repeatable results by other researchers is | consistency |
| when using criteria of causation, the criterion that asks if the disease or health problem associated with the exposure is the only one is | specificity |
| epidemiology is sometimes referred to as | population medicine |
| an outbreak of disease over a wide geographic region is a | pandemic |
| the number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time is a | rate |
| morbidity rates measure | sickness |
| the book, published annually, that is the standard summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the US is | the statistical abstract of the US |
| the national health survey that is a state-based telephone survey of the civilian, non-institutional, adult population that seeks to ascertain the prevalence of high-risk behaviors is the | behavioral risk factor surveillance system |
| studies that seek to describe the extent of disease in regard to person, time, and place are | descriptive studies |
| the practice of assigning subjects to treatments or control groups in a completely random manner is | randomization |
| t/f a primary care physician is concerned with the course of a disease in an individual, while an epidemiologist is concerned with the course of disease in a population | true |
| t/f an endemic disease is on that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course | true |
| t/f people afflicted with a disease are referred to as cases | true |
| t/f the rate of an illness in a population is hte natality rate | false |
| t/f a disease that lasts three months or less is a chronic disease | false |
| t/f the average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time is their life expectancy | true |
| t/f vital statistics are statistical summaries of records of major life events such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and infant deaths | true |
| t/f an epidemiological study aimed at testing hypotheses is a descriptive study | false |
| appendicitis and poisoning are examples of | acute noncommunicable diseases |
| osteoarthritis and diabetes are examples of | chronic noncommunicable diseases |
| the capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host is | pathenogenicity |
| a pathogenic agent enters a susceptible host through a | portal of entry |
| tuberculosis and influenza are examples of | airborne diseases |
| when prioritizing prevention and control efforts, health officials use data from | leading causes of death, years of potential life lost, economic cost to society (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| health education and health promotion programs are examples of | primary prevention |
| to retrain, reeducate, and rehabilitate a patient who has already incurred a disability is | tertiary prevention |
| health screenings are important measures in | secondary prevention |
| inspection of restaurants and immunization programs that reach all citizens are examples of | primary prevention of communicable diseases |
| self-diagnosis and treatment with nonpresciption medication of the common cold is an example of | secondary prevention of communicable diseases |
| adequate food supply and getting regular exercise are examples of | primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases |
| t/f drugs, pesticides, and food additives are examples of chemical agents | true |
| t/f AIDS and tuberculosis are examples of chronic communicable diseases | true |
| t/f coronary heart disease is an example of a chronic noncommunicable disease | true |
| t/f in the chain of infection, a disease-producing agent leaves its reservoir through a portal of entry | false |
| t/f noncommunicable diseases have complex etiologies | true |
| t/f diseases of the heart and blood vessels are the leading cause of death in the US | true |
| t/f the ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host is pathogenicity | false |
| t/f the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of diseases before the disease becomes advanced and disability becomes severe is secondary prevention | true |
| relationships and structures within a community that promote cooperation for mutual benefit describes | social capital |
| an assumption one can make while organizing a community is | people should participate in making, adjusting, or controlling the major changes within their communities |
| an example of a community gatekeeper is | a politician, a teacher, a member of the clergy (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| when mapping community capacity, the least accessible assets are | potential building blocks |
| the final steps in community organizing/building include | looping back |
| a process by which an intervention is planned to help meet the needs of a priority population is | program planning |
| the means by which structure and organization are given to the planning process are | planning models |
| the first procedural step in health program planning is | needs assessment |
| program goals | are more encompassing than objectives |
| activities that will help the priority population meet the objectives and, in the process, achieve the program goals are referred ti as | an intervention or treatment |
| "when asked in class, 50% of students will be able to list the four principles of cardiovascular conditioning," is an example of a | learning outcome |
| the best known and maybe the most often used health promotion planning model is the | precede/proceed model |
| when implementing a health promotion program, which of the following is advised? | pilot test the program with people like those in the priority population |
| t/f community capacity is the characteristics of communities that affect their ability to identify, mobilize, and address social and public health problems | true |
| components of the coordinated school health program include | physical education, nutritional services, health promotion for staff (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| the group whose primary role is to provide coordination of the various components of the coordinated school health program is the | school health council |
| providing direct health care to students and staff, providing screening and referral for health conditions, and promoting health are all responsibilities of the | school nurse |
| numerous resources became available to help schools develop policies because of the requirements of | the child nutrition and wic reauthorization act of 2004 |
| priority health content for a school health curriculum includes | healthy eating |
| priority health content for a school health curriculum includes | mental and emotional heath, tobacco, personal health and wellness (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| barriers to school health education include the | lack of time in the school year/day |
| the primary responsibility for the health of school-aged children lies with | their parents/guardians |
| which individuals are most often selected as the coordinator of the school health council | school nurses and health educators |
| most school-based health centers operating today are in | urban areas |
| because of the low priority given to health in many school districts, much of the health education is provided by | individuals other than health education specialists |
| a good health education curriculum provides | learning objectives and learning activities, possible instructional resources, methods for assessments, standards (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| t/f all school districts are required to have at least one full-time school nurse | false |
| t/f the portion of the school environment that encompasses attitudes, feelings, and values of students and staff is the physical environment | false |
| t/f things like indoor air quality, lighting, playgrounds, and school bus safety are part of the school's psychosocial environment | false |
| teenagers who become pregnant and have a child are more likely than their peers who are not mothers to | not get married or have a marriage end in divorce |
| approximately how many teenage girls in the US get pregnant at least once before the age of 20? | one-third |
| groups at higher risk of unintended pregnancy are | those living in poverty |
| the process of determining the preferred number and spacing of children in one's family and choosing the appropriate means to achieve this preference defines | family planning |
| title X was signed into law to provide | family planning services and help to all who wanted them but couldn't afford them |
| those served by family planning clinics funded the title X are predominately | poor |
| risk assessment, treatment for medical conditions or risk reduction, and education are the major components of | prenatal health care |
| a low-birth-weight infant is one that weighs less than | 5.5 pounds at birth |
| the neonatal mortality period is death that occurs up to | 28 days after birth |
| the leading modifiable cause of low-birth-weight during pregnancy is | cigarette smoking |
| which of the following is (are) advantages to breastfeeding? | help babies resist infections and other diseases; help babies vomit less often; improves maternal health (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| the majority of unintentional deaths (the leading cause of death) in children are the result of | motor vehicle crashes |
| t/f a medical doctor who specializes in the care of newborn children up to two months of age is a neurologist | false |
| adolescents and young adults are classified as those ages | 15-24 |
| a critical period in life, during which many health-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are adopted and consolidated is | adolescents and young adulthood |
| most of the physical threats to health for adolescents and young adults stems from | behavior |
| the diseases that cause considerable morbidity in adolescents and young adults are | STD |
| approximately how many female college students reported experiencing some form of sexual abuse/assault in the past school year? | 25% |
| the number one cause of death in the adult age group is | cancer |
| the best single behavioral change Americans can make to reduce morbidity and mortality is to | stop smoking |
| the racial/ethic group of high school students most likely to report current cigarette usage is | white Americans |
| the highest rates of smokeless tobacco use in high school students is in | white males |
| for adults, the greatest risk of injuries involve | motor vehicles |
| homicide and suicide rates for adolescents and young adults have | increased significantly over the last 50 years |
| exercise and nutrition program that help reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease for adults are examples of | primary prevention |
| programs for adults that emphasize self, or clinical screenings to identify and control disease processes in their early stages, such as mammography, are examples of | secondary prevention |
| an increase in federal tobacco taxes is being used to help fund | the state children's health insurance program (CHIP) |
| t/f statistics indicate that the more education a person has, the less likely he or she is to use tobacco | false |
| in the US, people are considered older adults when they reach the age of | 65 |
| factors that affect population size and age include | fertility rates, mortality rates, migration (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| a comparison between those individuals whom society considers economically unproductive and those considered economically productive is the | dependency ratio |
| the largest percentage of elder income comes from | social security |
| in terms of housing, the largest majority of elders | are homeowners |
| the leading causes of death for elders are | heart disease, cancer, stroke, and CLRD |
| elder abuse and neglect are special problems for elders because they are | frail |
| housekeeping, transportation, and assistance with business affairs are examples of | instrumental tasks |
| eating, bathing, and toileting are examples of | tasks of daily living |
| walking, getting in and out of bed and chair, and dressing are examples of | activities of daily living |
| one who helps identify the health care needs of an individual and also personally performs caregiving services is a | care provider |
| a person unable to leave home for normal activities is considered | homebound |
| planned short-term care, usually for the purpose of relieving a full-time informal caregiver is | respite care |
| t/f once someone is an elder, it is too late to gain benefit from changing health behaviors | false |
| people of hawaii, guam, and samoa are referred to as | pacific islanders |
| indian health services is an agency within | the department of health and human services |
| people who flee one area or country to seek shelter or protection from danger in another are referred to as | refugees |
| individuals who migrate from one country to another for the purpose of seeking permanent residence are referred to as | immigrants |
| people born in and owing allegiance to a country other than the one in which they live are referred to as | aliens |
| the factor considering to be the most influential single contributor to premature morbidity and mortality by many public health researchers is | socioeconomic status |
| the largest minority group in the US is | Americans of Hispanic origin |
| nearly all hispanics are classified as | white americans |
| the minority group with the lowest high school completion rates is | hispanics |
| asian americans are generally concentrated in the | western states |
| high school completion rates in the US are highest for | asian americans |
| the concept of balance related to health and imbalance related to disease is a belief of | asian americans |
| t/f asian americans have an infant mortality rate that is more than two times that of white american infants | false |
| t/f hispanic origin is a racial classification | false |
| people with good mental health are able to | function under adversity, adapt to changes around them, and curb hate and guilt (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| the most influential book in mental health is | the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition |
| an affective disorder characterized by a dysphoric mood, usually depression, or loss of interest or pleasure in almost all usual activities or pastimes is | major depression |
| ann affective disorder characterized by distinct periods of elevated mood alternation with periods of depression is | bipolar disorder |
| diseases that result from chronic exposure to excess levels of stressors, which produce a General Adaptation Syndrome response are | diseases of adaptation |
| psychophysiological disorders associated with stress include | depression, hypertension, skin disorders (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| the widespread use of lobotomies became unnecessary because of | antipsychotic and antidepressive drugs |
| deinstitutionalization from state mental hospitals began in the | 1950s |
| the main force that expedited deinstitutionalization was | antipsychotic drugs |
| treatment of mental disorders through verbal communication is | psychotherapy |
| the concept of equality in health care coverage for people with mental illness and those with other medical illnesses or injuries is | parity |
| use of a drug when it is detrimental to one's health or well-being is drug | abuse |
| the most abused illicit drug in the US is | marijuana |
| drugs that reduce pain and numb the senses are | narcotics |
| cocaine is a | stimulant |
| synesthesia is a mixing of | the senses |
| an illicit drug produced in dangerous clandestine labs across the country is | methamphetamines |
| drugs that are often used because they lower anxiety and inhibitions are | depressants |
| the most popular club drug is | ecstasy |
| the drugs that are often the choice for the young due to low cost and easy availability are | inhalants |
| the largest institution in the world devoted to drug abuse research is the | national institute on drug abuse |
| the drug abuse resistance education program is implemented in | classrooms |
| MADD, AA and SADD are examples of | voluntary health organizations |
| the smallest amount of the federal drug control budget is spent on | prevention |
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