Chemistry Chapter 2
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Created by:
sophielombardo20 on October 12, 2011
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 milli | 10^-3 |
| centi | 10^-2 |
| kilo | 10^3 |
| micro | 10^-6 |
| nano | 10^-9 |
| pico | 10^-12 |
| What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? | It states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes. |
| Who came up with the Law of Conservation of Mass? | Antoine Lavoisier |
| What are two of Antoine Lavoisier's accomplishments in chemistry? | •he discovered hydrogen and oxygen •created the 1st list of elements |
| What are Dalton's Five Postulates? | •Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms •An element's atoms have identical masses and properties •Atoms cannot be created or destroyed by chemical means •When atoms of more than one element combine, they form a compound •Atoms are indivisible. (FALSE) |
| What is the Law of Multiple Proportions? | If two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses of B that can combine with a given mass of A are in the ratio of small whole numbers. |
| What is the Law of Constant Composition? | In a given compound, the relative numbers and kinds of atoms are constant. |
| What was Dalton's idea of the atom? | It was a sphere |
| What did Dimitri Mendeleev do? | •He arranged the elements according to atomic density. •He was the first person to arrange the elements |
| What did JJ Thomson discover? | Electrons |
| What did JJ Thomson prove? | Atoms are elements are indivisible |
| What did Thomson's model of the atom look like? | The plum pudding model: (an atom covered in electrons) |
| What did Millikan discover? | The mass of an electron |
| What experiment did Millikan perform to determine the mass of an electron? | The Oil-Drop Experiment |
| What did Marie Curie discover? | natural radioactivity |
| What did Rutherford discover? | The nucleus |
| What experiment did Rutherford perform that led him to the discovery of the nucleus? | The gold-foil experiment |
| What did Niels Bohr discover? | That electrons orbit around the nucleus |
| What subatomic particle did James Chadwick discover? | The neutron |
| What did Chadwick's model of the atom look like? | ... |
| What theoretical experiment did Schrödinger perform? | Schrödinger's Cat Experiment |
| What did Schrödinger discover in his Cat Experiment? | •That one can never know the exact location of an electron •Electrons move in shells |
| What is an atomic number? | the number of protons an element's atoms has |
| How are the elements arranged in the periodic table? | According to their atomic number |
| What is mass number? | The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| What is an isotope? | Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers |
| How do you calculate atomic weight? | fractional abundance x mass number |
| What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called? | periods |
| What are the vertical rows in the periodic table called? | groups |
| What are metalloids? | elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals |
| What are atoms? | the smallest particle of an element that retain the element's chemical identity |
| What are isotopes? | Atoms of the same element but with different mass numbers (number of neutrons) |
| How do you calculate average atomic weight? | fractional abundance x mass for each isotope, then add them together (measured in amu) |
| How is the periodic table of elements divided? | from left to right: •alkali metals •alkaline earth metals •transition metals •chalcogens •halogens •noble gases below the table: •inner transition metals |
| What is a cation? | a positive ion |
| What is an anion? | a negative ion |
| When is an ionic compound formed? | when a metallic ion and a nonmetal ion combine and their charges are neutralized |
| What is another name for the chalcogen family? | Oxygen family |
| What is another name for the Halogen family? | Flourine family |
| What does an empirical formula tell you? | it tells you ratios between elements in a compound |
| When a metallic ion and a nonmetallic ion combine, what is formed? | A salt, or an ionic compound |
| When two nonmetals combine what is formed? | a molecular compound |
| When two metals combine what is formed? | a metallic compound |
| Where are an atom's protons located? | the nucleus |
| Where are an atom's neutrons located? | the nucleus |
| Where are an atom's electrons located? | out of the nucleus |
| What numbers go where when writing an element's symbol? | •mass number: upper left-hand corner •atomic number: lower left-hand corner •atomic weight: under the symbol •charge: upper right-hand corner |
| What are ions? | charged atoms |
| How do atoms acquire charge? | by either gaining or losing electrons |
| How do atoms become cations? | they lose electrons, thus gaining a positive charge |
| How do atoms become anions? | they gain electrons, thus gaining a negative charge |
| What type of ions do metals form? | cations |
| What type of ions do nonmetals form? | anions |
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