5 Written Questions

1. Decreases capacitance (decreases the loss of electrical signal).
2. Ligand gated, gap junctions, temperature gated, mechano gated. Very few voltage gated.
3. Travel as a uniform wave of depolarization d/t conformational changes in ion channels.
4. Allows axolemma to be exposed to the extracellular matrix-specifically the Na channel (the axonal membrane is uninsulated & therefore capable of generating electrical activity).
   Allows for more rapid electrical conduction.
   Largery axons transmit impulses at a faster rate (less Na channels to open).
5. Occurs in the axon.
   Myelinated-node to node (more rapid & efficient).
   Nonmyelinated- continuous wave.

5 Matching Questions

1. Describe the anatomy of a nerve.
2. What are the functions of a-fibers (alpha, beta, gamma, delta)?
3. How does the body send signals over long distances?
4. Describe the epineurium
5. Describe the nodes of Ranvier

1. a
   Three layers:
   Endoneurium
   Perineurium
   Epineurium
2. b
   Sheath covering the entire nerve, contains nutrient blood vessels.
3. c
   Interruptions in the myelin sheath.
4. d Chemical messengers, electrical or a combination of the two. Peripheral nerves are constructed for electrical transmission that leads to a chemical messenger activation.
5. e Motor, tactile, proprioception, muscle tone, touch.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. 
   Multiple branches close to cell body allow local cell to cell communication.
   1. What is normal resting potential of a neuron?
   2. What are dendrites, where are they located, and what are their functions?
   3. What are the 2 means of propagation?
   4. Where is the axon located and what are their functions?
2. Pain and temperature.
   1. What are the functions of the nodes of Ranvier?
   2. What are the 2 means of propagation?
   3. What are the functions of C fibers (sC, dC)?
   4. Describe C fibers (sC, dC)
3. The Na channels act like booster stations for the propagation of a passively conducted electrical current. This is a more rapid and efficient system.
   1. Describe impulse firing threshold
   2. Describe peripheral nerves
   3. Describe how nerve impulses travel along unmyelinated axons.
   4. Describe how nerve impulses travel along myelinated axons.
4. -60 mV
   1. What is normal resting potential of a neuron?
   2. What is the Nernst potential
   3. What is passive propagation responsible for?
   4. What are the 2 means of propagation?
5. 
   In the ventral horn.
   1. Where are the cell bodies of motor neurons located
   2. What are the 2 means of propagation?
   3. Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons located?
   4. What are the functions of the nodes of Ranvier?

5 True/False Questions

1. Describe repolarization & action potential if a nerve. → Must hit threshold (point at which the cell will become fully depolarized)
   Once threshold reached, Na channels open rapidly, the cell becomes positive (depolarized).

   True        False

2. Describe the cell body (soma). → Contains the nucleus, located mainly in the CNS.

   True        False

3. Describe the hyperpolarization phase (refractory period) →
   Three layers:
   Endoneurium
   Perineurium
   Epineurium

   True        False

4. What is passive propagation responsible for? → Sensory function, cell-to-cell communication & impulse modulation.

   True        False

5. Describe A-fibers. → Myelinated, preganglionic autonomic

   True        False