1.
2 drugs of purine antagonists: Azathioprine (Immuran) and Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
2.
Abatacept: Competitive inhibitors of CD28 on T cell co-stimulation. Binds to and interferes with the co-stimulatory molecules CD80/86, preventing T cell activation by APCs, thus preventing T cell proliferation and cytokine release.
3.
Abatacept is used for: Used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
4.
Anakinra: soluble IL1R antagonist
used for RA
5.
Basiliximab: Target: IL2r (CD25)
Use: Prevention of allograft rejection
6.
Brentuximab Vedotin: Target: CD30
Used for: Hodgkin's disease, anaplastic large cell lymphoma
7.
Brentuximab vedotin is: a conjugate consisting of anti-CD30 antibody + monomethylauristatin E, a potent antimicrotubule agent.
8.
Calcineurin inhibitors: Cyclosporin (Sandimmune, Neoral)
Tacrolimus (Prograf, FK-506)
9.
Calcineurin inhibitors block: T-cell activation
10.
Calcineurin inhibitors block T-cell activation, therefore leading to: no IL2, no T
cell activation or proliferation.
11.
can MAb be given orally?: No. Cannot be given orally
12.
CD 30 is: a cell membrane protein of the TNF receptor family and tumor marker.
This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells.
13.
CD20: B cell Ca++ channels
14.
Classes of immune system molecules used to modulate immune responses: Antibodies
Fusion proteins or conjugates
Cytokines
Cytokine receptors (soluble)
Adhesion molecules (soluble)
15.
Corticosteroid affect those interferons and cytokines, and its effects are to decrease inflammation: IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, CXCL8
16.
corticosteroids are good for immunosuppression by: inhibiting transcription of inflammatory mediators genes. Can also increase anti-inflammatory regulatory genes.
17.
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and Chlorambucil (Leukeran) are: DNA alkylating agents
18.
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and Chlorambucil (Leukeran) are used for: 1. Prevention and reversal of organ rejection
2. Treatment of autoimmune diseases
19.
Cyclosporine: Cannot be used to reverse ongoing rejection
20.
cytotoxic drugs include: anti-metabolites and alkylating agents
21.
Denileukin diftitox: IL2 + diphtheria toxin fusion protein
22.
Denileukin diftitox is used for: treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma
23.
Denileukin diftitox works by: binding to IL2r+ cells only; toxin prevents protein synthesis, leading to cell death.
24.
effects of corticosteroid on adhesion molecules: decreases transcription of adhesion molecules, so leukocytes won't be able to move to the inflammatory sites
25.
Etanercept (Enbrel): is a soluble TNF receptor/Fc fusion protein. Binds to TNF, thus prevents it from binding to TNF receptors on cells, and preventing TNF activity.
26.
Etanercept (Enbrel) is used for: Used for RA, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis,
27.
HER2/neu is found in 25% of: breast cancer
28.
How do MAb work in vitro?: Killing via C'-mediated lysis and phagocytosis via CR on phagocytes
Antagonize function by blocking access of target molecule to its ligand
29.
IL-11: used for cytopenia
drug: Neumega
30.
Infliximab: Target: TNF
Use: RA, CD, ulcerative colitis
31.
IVIG works by: Down-modulates auto-antibody production.
32.
Key requirements for the effective use of MAb and other biologics: Avoidance of patient immune response
33.
Leflunomide: : inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. Inhibition of DHODH leads to a decrease in uridine mono-PO4, which is required for lymphocyte activation.
34.
long-term duration drug of corticosteroid: dexamethasone
35.
MAb and biologics: toxicities: Increased risk for opportunistic infections, esp. reactivation of Mycobacterial infections (lung or disseminated) and other bacterial infections
36.
Methotrexate is given for: rheumatoid arthritis
37.
Methotrexate's dosage: low dose, ~7.5-15 mg/1x per wk
38.
mTOR inhibitors: Sirolimus (Rapamune, rapamycin)
39.
Mycophenolate mofetil: MPA inhibits T and B cell proliferation by blocking inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP-DH), which is a critical enzyme for the production of guanosine nucleotides required for DNA synthesis.
40.
Mycophenolate mofetil is used for: Prevention of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in SCT; prevention and reversal of organ graft rejection.
Treatment of lupus nephritis, refractory uveitis.
41.
Mycophenolate mofetil toxicity (side effects): diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, myelosuppression
42.
Natalizumab: targets α4 integrin, blocking its interaction with the vascular endothelial adhesion molecule VLA, and preventing T lymphocyteentry into the brain or gut
43.
NSAIDS and DMARDS are: Anti-inflammatory, not immunosuppressive
Used for inflammatory conditions only (not in transplantation)
No effect on B cells or T cells
44.
Prevents T cells from exiting the lymph nodes. T cells do not go to the brain and cause Multiple Sclerosis.: Fingolimod
45.
purine antagonists work because it is: Converted by HGPRT to 6-thioinosinic acid, prevents purine conversion
46.
Rituximab: Target: CD20 (B cell Ca++ channel), spares T cells
Chronic Lymphocitic Leukemia, B cell lymphoma
47.
short-term duration drug of corticosteroid: predinisone
48.
Sirolimus: : Inhibits T cell proliferation by binding to FKBP-12, which then inhibits mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin, a SER/THR kinase complex involved in the PI3 kinase signaling pathway), blocking signals from the IL-2 receptor.
49.
Sirolimus is used for: Prevention of renal
transplant rejection.
50.
Tacrolimus is used for: Treatment of atopic dermatitis (as topical)
51.
this type of medication is good for nearly all inflammatory conditions especially on short-term basis: corticosteroids
52.
toxicitity of Cyclosporine: Nephrotoxic
53.
toxicitiy of MAb: toxins (monomethylauristatin E in Brentuximab [slide 38], diphtheria toxin in Denileukin
54.
Trastuzumab: Target: HER2/neu (growth factor receptor)
cancer: breast cancer
