Lindsay Twigg Chemistry Test 1
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Created by:
lindsaytwigg on October 12, 2011
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 matter | anything that has mass and volume |
| volume | the amount of space an object occupies |
| mass | the quantity of matter in an object |
| atom | the basic unit of matter |
| molecule | a neutral group of atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| physical properties | properties that can be observed or measured without changing the compostition of matter |
| state | the condition of being a gas, liquid, solid, plasma, or neutron star |
| chemical properties | properties that can be observed only when substances interact with one another |
| energy | the capacity to do work |
| kinetic energy | energy that moving objects possess by virtue of their motion |
| potential energy | energy an object possesses because of its postion, stored energy, and is depedent on the position or location of something. |
| law of conservation of energy | the observed fact that in any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed |
| physical change | a change that affects only physical properties |
| endothermic change | a physical or chemical change in which a system absorbs energy from its surroundings |
| exothermic change | a physical or chemical change in which energy is released by a system to its surroundings |
| chemical change | a change that produces one or more new substances |
| pure substances | matter composed of only one kind of atom or molecule |
| mixture | a collection of 2 or more pure substances physically mixed together |
| homogeneous mixture | a mixture containing substances that are uniformly distributed and look the same throughout |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture containing substances that are not evenly distributed and look different throughout |
| phase | any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties |
| elements | the 109 simplest substances from which more complex materials are made |
| allotropes | different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state |
| compounds | pure substances composed of 2 or more different elements |
| accuracy | the extent to which a measurement approaches the true value of a quantity |
| precision | the degree of exactness or refinement of a measurement |
| solid | definate shape and volume |
| liquid | indefinate shape, definate volume |
| gas | indefinate shape and volume |
| extensive properties | some properties of matter like mass, volume, and length depend on the quantity of matter present. |
| intensive properties | other physical properties like boiling point, melting point, density and texture along with all chemical properties, DO NOT depend on the amount of matter present. |
| energy of motion | depends on the speed of the object as well as its mass. |
| kinetic energy formula | what is this? KE=1/2 mv2 |
| internal energy | the sum of all kinds of energy inside a substance |
| energy | what can not be created or destroyed, transformed from one type to another or transformed from one object to another, and the total amount is conserved? |
| therm | means temperature/heat |
| exo | exit reaction |
| endo | enter reaction |
| solutions | the "best mixed" mixtures. |
| density formula | d=m/v, m=d v, v=m/d |
| accuracy | how close the measurement is to the actual value. |
| precision | the degree of exactness in a measurement or how close the measurements are to each other. |
| Significant Figures (Sig Figs) | used to indicate the precision of a measurement, the measurement tool determines the precision of a measurement, the last digit ina measurement is an estimated digit, and all non-zero digits will be significant |
| Sig Fig addition or subtraction | the answer should match the one with the smallest number of places after the decimal |
| Sig Fig multiplication or division | answer has same number of sig fig's as the measurement with the smallest number of sig fig's. |
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