Anatomy Lab 8

Terms	Definitions
functions of muscles	influences body contours and shape, allows you to grin/frown, provides a means of movement, enables you to manipulate the environment
muscle types	skeletal, smooth, cardiac
myofibrils	make up the inside of the muscle, composed of the myofilaments (actin, myosin)
sarcolemma	plasma membrane
I bands	light bands along the length of myofibrils, thin
A bands	dark bands along length of myofibrils, thick
Z discs	middle of one I band
H zones	thick filaments only
M lines	thick filaments linked by accessory proteins
myofilaments	actin and myosin
sarcomere	extend from the middle of I band to the middle of the next along the length of the myofibrils
triad	T tubule, terminal cisternae
T tubule	indentation of the sarcolemma into the muscle cell (junction of A and I bands)
terminal cisternae	cross channels of the smooth ER (like a closet)
endomysium	delicate areolar connective tissue sheath
perimysium	several sheathed muscle fibers wrapped by a collagenic membrane
fasicle	forming a bundle of fibers
epimysium	large number of fasicles bound together by a courser "overcoat" of dense connective tissue
tendons/aponeuroses	muscle connections to bones and other muscles
motor unit	neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates
synaptic cleft	small fluid filled gap between the neuron and muscle fiber membranes
agonists	muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a particular movement
antagonists	muscles that reverse or oppose a movement
synergists	aid the action of agonists either by assisting with tthe same movement or reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement
fixators	immobilize the origin of a prime mover so that all tension is exerted at the insertion
naming of skeletal muscles	1. direction 2. relative size 3. location 4. number of origins 5. location of origin and insertion 6. shape 7. action
epicranius (frontal belly)	raises eyebrows #4
epicranius (occipital belly)	pulls scalp posteriorly #5
corrugator supercilli	draws eyebrows medially, wrinkles forehead**
oribicularis oculi	closes eye, blinking #1
orbicularis oris	purses lips #2
masseter	elevates mandible #9
buccinator	compresses cheeks**
pterygoids	protract jaw**
temporalis	closes jaw, retracts mandible #8
platysma	tenses neck, depresses mandible **
sternocleidomastoid	flexes neck, rotates head toward shoulders**
levator scapulae	raises and adducts scapula**
trapzius	extends head, adducts scapula
latissimus dorsi	extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm
pectoralis major	depresses and protracts scapula
serratus anterior	rotates scapula
deltoid	abducts arm
supraspinatus	abducts arm
infraspinatus	laterally rotates humerus
teres minor	laterally rotates humerus
teres major	extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
external intercostals	elevate ribs, inspiration**
internal intercostals	depress ribs, expiration**
diaphragm	expands thorax
rectus abdominis	flexes vertebral column, depresses ribs, stabilizes pelvis
external abdominal oblique	rotates and laterally flexes trunk **
internal abdominal oblique	rotates and laterally flexes trunk **
transverses abdominis	compresses abdomin inner layer on left
triceps brachii	extends forearm
biceps brachii	flexes and supinates forearm
brachialis	flexes forearm
brachioradialis	flexes forearm
extensor carpi radialis longus	extends and abducts wrist
extensor carpi radialis brevis	extends and abducts wrist
extensor digitorum	extends fingers and wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris	extends and adducts writs
flexor carpi ulnaris	flexes wrist, adducts hand
palmaris longus	flexes palm
flexor digitorum superficialis	flexes fingers
flexor carpi radialis	flexes wrist, abducts hand
pronator teres	pronates forearm
supinator	supinates forearm
flexor pollicis longus	flexes thumb**
extensor pollicis longus	extends thumb**
abductor pollicis longus	abducts and extends thumb**
gluteus maximus	extends and laterally rotates thigh
gluteus medius	abducts and medially rotates thigh**
hamstrings (biceps femoris)	extends and laterally rotates thigh top portion
hamstrings (semitendinosis)	extends and laterally rotates thigh middle portion
hamstrings (semimembranosus)	extends and laterally rotates thigh last portion
ilipsoas	flexes thigh and trunk**
sartorius	flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee
gracilis	adduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh
adductors	adduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh
quadriceps (rectus femoris)	extends lower leg, flexes thigh top portion
quadriceps (vastus lateralis)	extends lower leg 3rd one down
quadriceps (vastus medialis)	extends lower leg 2nd to last portion
quadriceps (vastus intermedius)	extends lower leg **
tensor fasciae latae	flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh
tibialis anterior	dorsiflexes and inverts foot
extensor digitorum longus	extends toes
extensor hallucis longus	extends hallux
peroneus	evert and plantar flex foot
triceps surae (gastrocnemius)	plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
triceps surae (soleus)	plantar flexes foot
flexor hallucis longus	flexes hallux
flexor digitorum longus	flexes toes
tibialis posterior	inverts and plantar flexes foot
circular muscle	like around the mouth and around the eyes circular muscle
convergent muscle	convergent muscle
parallel muscle	parellel muscle
unipennate muscle	unipennate muscle
bipennate muscle	bipennate muscle
fusiform muscle	fusiform muscle
multipennate muscle	multipennate muscle