| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Supine | Lying face up |
| Prone | Lying face down |
| Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment |
| Distal | Farther from point of attachment |
| The nine abdominopelvic cavities | Right and left lumbar, right and left hypochondriac, right and left iliac, epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric |
| Contents of thoracic cavity | Esophagus, trachea, heart, thymus, blood vessels |
| Contents of abdominal cavity | stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys |
| Contents of pelvic cavity | Urinary bladder, large intestine, internal reproductive organs |
| Anatomy | describes the shape/size, and relationship between structure and function |
| Physiology | investigates the processes or functions of living things |
| Mechanism | means by which an effect is obtained |
| Homeostasis | a state that results in normal body activities |
| Receptor | detects change in variables |
| Control center | receives info about the variable from the receptor |
| Effector | produces responses that change the value of the variable |
| Negative Feedback | keeps variable within normal range, making sure we are homeostatic |
| Positive Feedback | when a deviation from the set point occurs, the system wants to make it even greater |
| Peptide bond | formed by a condensation reaction between two amino acids |
| Robert Hooke | named and described "cells" |
| Rudolf Vichow | stated, " all cells come from cells" |
| Membrane potential | production of charge difference across the membrane |
| 4 tissue types | Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| Embryonic Tissue | consists of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Contains germ lyers which give rise to all adult tissues of the body |
| Apical | free |
| Epithelium Characteristics | covers body surfaces, and forms lining of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems, heart and blood vessels, |
| Basal surfaces | attached to the basement membrane |
| Basement membrane | like the adhesive on tape, helps attach epithelial cells to underlying tissue |
| Avascular | blood reaches epithelium by diffusion |
| Microvilli | increase surface area absorption or secretion |
| Types of epithelium | simple, stratified, pseudostratified, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional |
| Goblet cells | cells that produce and secrete mucus |
| Main function of simple epithelium | diffusion |
| Main function of stratified epithelium | protection |
| Squamous | flat, scale like cells |
| Cuboidal | cube shaped cells |
| Columnar | tall, narrow cells |
| Transitional epithelium | lining of urinary bladder, protection against urine |
| Pseudostratified epithelium | Nuclei are at different levels, secretes mucus on free surface |
| Types of ducts of exocrine glands | simple (few branches) and compound (many branches) |
| Merocrine glands | sweat glands |
| Apocrine glands | mammary glands |
| Holocrine glands | Sebaceous (oil) glands |
| Acinar | sac shaped glands |
| Connective tissue cells | adipoctyes (fat cells) Mast cells (release enzymes in injury response) and white blood cells. |
| Types of CT | Loose (areolar) Dense, regular callagenous and elastic, irregular collagenous and elastic, cartilage, bone, and blood |
| Extracellular Matrix fibers | protein fibers, collagen, reticular, and elastic |
| Extracellular Matirx Ground substance | Glycosaminoglycocans, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans (traps large amount of water) |
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