Biology: DNA test
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Griffith, Avery, Hersey, Chase | Scientist who preformed important pre-cursor experiments to discovery of DNA |
| James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin | mid-1950s: discovered DNA |
| DNA (deoxyribosenucleicacid) | double-helix structure where genetic information is stored |
| Pyrimidines | single ring structure (ex. thymine [t] and cytosine [c]) |
| Purines | double ring structure (ex. adenine [a] and gaunine [g]) |
| Nucleotide | sugar (deoxyribose) + phosphate + nitrogenous base |
| DNA replication | process of copying DNA |
| Replication Bubble | part of a strand of DNA that is unwound and it the site of DNA replication |
| Free-Floating Nucleotide | nucleotides that are not part of a stand of DNA and free-flaot in the nucleus |
| DNA polymerase | an enzyme that binds nucleotides |
| Hydrogen bonds | links between two nitrogenous bases in a stand of DNA |
| Transcription | DNA -> RNA (in nucleus) |
| Translation | RNA -> Protein (on ribose), part of the process in which DNA replicates |
| Exons | expressed regions of DNA, decoding of the mRNA message in the polypeptide chain |
| Introns | junk DNA |
| RNA Splicing Molecule | and enzyme that gets rid of the intons and bonds the exons |
| mRNA | messanger RNA that is responsible for moving the DNA to the riboses |
| tRNA | transfer RNA that interets the codons |
| RNA (ribosenucleicacid) | single strand |
| Codon | three nitrogenous bases that make up a three letter sequence (ex. AUG) |
| Anti-codon | a codon's complement (ex. UAC) |
| rRNA | ribose RNA- site of protein synthesis |
| Amino Acids | Small molecules that are the components of proteins, therea re 20 types in a human body |
| Polypeptide Chain | chain of amino acids |
| Mutation | a change in the DNA sequence |
| Enymes, anitbodies, communication between cells, and insulin | Why do we need proteins? |
| Base Substitution | A type of mutation where one of the nitrogenous bases is swiched with another |
| Base insertion/deletion | A type of mutation where a nitrogenous base it added or deleted |
| Frameshift mutation | a mutation where all the codons are changed (ex. base insertion/deletion) |
| Silent mutation | a mutation where there is no change in proteins |
| 1. errors during replication 2. mutagens(environmental factors, ex. radiation) | How are mutation caused? |
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