Ms. Davis Reanaissance and Reformation
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Renaissance | the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world |
| perspective | an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface |
| Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches |
| indulgence | a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin |
| Protestant | referring to Christian religions that grew out of the Reformation |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Italian Renaissance artist that painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, he was also an engineer, architect, sculptor, and scientist. |
| Michelango | An artist, architect, and a sculptor, who painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted Moses and David |
| Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. |
| navigator | a person who is trained to plan the course of and drive a ship |
| caravel | A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. |
| astrolabe | an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets |
| circumnavigate | sail around the world |
| Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | (1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) |
| democracy | Rule by the people |
| divine right | belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. |
| absolute monarch | A king or queen with complete authority over the government and people in a kingdom |
| Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715) |
| Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. (p. 552) |
| Cardinal Richelieu | This was the man who influenced the power of King Louis XIII the most and tried to make France an absolute monarchy |
| encomienda | A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it |
| conquistador | a Spanish conqueror of the Americas |
| Moctezuma | Aztec Ruler, mistook Cortes to be god and welcomed him into the empire. Offered him gifts, but was killed nonetheless. |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) |
| Malinche | daughter of a Mayan leader that helped Cortes as his main translator and kept an eye on Aztec spies |
| Tenochtitlan | the ancient Aztec capital, site of Mexico City today |
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