Chapter 2 Vocabulary: Chemistry of Life
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atom | Particle that is the basic unit of matter |
| Ion | Particle that is an atom or a group of atoms that have a charge |
| Molecule | Particle that is a group of atoms chemically combined |
| Element | Form of matter that has only one type of atom |
| Compound | Form of matter that has atoms of different elements chemically combined. |
| Mixture | Form of matter that has other forms of matter physically combined. |
| Chemical Symbol | Abbreviation for the name of an element |
| Chemical bond | force that holds atoms together |
| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond where electrons are transferred between atoms |
| Covalent Bond | Chemical bond where electrons are shared between atoms |
| Chemical Formula | Expression that shows the kinds and number of atoms in an element or structural compound |
| Structural Formula | expression that shows the arrangement of atoms in an element or compound |
| Inorganic Compound | Compound that does not have carbon as the main element |
| Acid | Compound that forms hydrogen ions a solution and lowers pH. |
| Base | Compound that forms hydroxide ions in a solution and raises pH. |
| Salt | Compound that forms metal and nonmetal ions in a solution |
| Solution | Type of mixture that contains one substance dissolved in another substance |
| Solvent | Substance in which another substance is dissolved in a solution |
| Solute | Substance that is dissolved in another substance in a solution |
| pH Scale | Tells the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| Suspension | Type of mixture that contains water and non-dissolved substances |
| Organic Compound | Compound that has carbon as the main element and also has hydrogen |
| Monomer | Small molecule that can be joined with other small molecules to form a large molecule |
| Polymer | Large molecule that is made of small molecules joined together |
| Carbohydrate | Organic compound that contains C, H, and O with an H to O ratio that is 2:1 |
| Monosaccharide | Type of carbohydrate that is a small molecule |
| Disaccharide | Type of carbohydrate that has two small molecules joined together |
| Polysaccharide | Type of carbohydrate that has many small molecules joined together |
| Lipid | Organic compound that contains C, H and O, with and H to O ratio that is greater than 2:1 |
| Protein | Organic compound that contains C, H, O, N, and S |
| Nucleic Acid | Organic compound that contains C, H, O, N, and P |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Process in which water is removed to join two small molecules |
| Hydrolysis | Process in which water is added to separate two small molecules that are joined together |
| Atoms, Ions, and Molecules | What are the three types of particles of matter |
| Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures | What are the three forms of matter |
| Positive and Negative | Name the two types of Ions |
| Ionic and Covalent Bonds | What are the two types of chemical bonds |
| Inorganic and Organic | What are the two basic types of compounds in living thing |
| Less than 7 | What are the pH values for acidic solutions? |
| Greater than 7 | What are the pH values for basic solutions? |
| 7 | What are the values for Neutral solutions? |
| H₂O, CO₂, Acid, Base, Salt | What are the five main inorganic compounds in living things? |
| 0-14 | What is the pH range? |
| Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. | What are the three types of carbohydrates in living things? |
| Fat, oil, wax, and sterol | What are the four types of lipids in living things? |
| Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and amino acids | What are the four main types of organic compounds in living things? |
| Energy and structure | What are the basic roles for carbohydrates? |
| Structure, function, and energy | What are the basic roles for Lipids? |
| Structure and Function | What are the basic roles for Proteins? |
| Function | What are the basic roles for Nucleic Acid? |
| Monosaccharides | What are the monomer building blocks for carbohydrates? |
| 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids | What are the monomer building blocks for fats? |
| Amino Acids | What are the monomer building blocks for proteins? |
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