Jazz & Pop Culture Exam 2
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Created by:
pranderson on October 13, 2011
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Exam 2 Topics
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Swing Era | 1935-1948: swing music at its peak & 1st white swing group recognized on radio |
| Pre-Swing Music | 1926- Black bands |
| Swing Music Characterization | Walking bass line (4 notes per measure) Call & response (sectional) Repitition (riffs) |
| Swing Instruments | Alto/Tenor Saxophones(3-4); Trumpets(2-3); Trombones(2-3); Piano; Bass; Guitar; Drums |
| Fletcher Henderson | Fletcher Henderson Orchestra "Rapping it Up"-song Forced more organized arrangements with bigger bands "Lindy Hop" Dance style Savoy Ballroom in Harlem |
| Benny Goodman | White Guy, Clarinet "King of Swing" 1934-1935: "Let's Dance" live national radio broadcast 1st important WHITE to HIRE BLACK musicians |
| LA Palamar Ballroom | Successful performance for Benny Goodman |
| Small Group performances/recordigns | Benny Goodman & Rhythm Section |
| Glenn Miller (1939-1942) | Most popular swing musician of all time NOT JAZZ!!!! NO improvisation = Pop-ish Trombone 23 #1 Hits "In the Mood"- #1 for 12 weeks |
| Little Improvisation | Hear same thing live as you would hear on the recoding |
| White Swing Bands | 292 top 10 hits 65 #1 hits little to no improvisation |
| Black Swing Bands | 32 top 10 hits 3 #1 hits more improvisation as seen in Jazz music |
| Coleman Hawkins | Tenor Saxophone played w/ Fletcher Henderson 1939: "Body & Soul" = big hit Changed w/ the times; grew modern Played w/ modern musicians in 40s and 50s |
| Blacks Hired by Benny Goodman | 1936: Lionel Hamptom- Viberphone 1938: Charlie Christian- Guitar(improv & solo) 1935: Teddy Wilson- Piano |
| Art Tatum | Solo piano (stride style) Recorded: 1938-1956 Legally blind from birth Trained to read music in braille Studied & trained inclassical music Amazing technique/ very complicated |
| Pop Swing Music | Glenn Miller style More prevelant w/ White Bands Little to no improvisation Rigid, structured feel |
| Jazz Swing Music | Duke Ellington & Benny Goodman Style Lots of improvisation Relaxed feel |
| Frank Sinatra | Pop music icon & crooner 1939: toured w/ Tommy Dorsey Orchestra 1942: Solo deal with Victor Records |
| Mills Brothers | Vocal Swing group Over 70 hits over 40 years |
| "Paper Dolls" | 1942; biggest hit for Mills Brothers Over 6 million copies sold On pop chart for 36 weeks #1 for 12 weeks |
| Recording Ban | 1941: ASCAP calls for strike on radio stations 1942: for instrumental recordings Bad relationship between ASCAP & BMI Popularized singers in the market |
| Duke Ellington | piano/composer 1899-1974 originally stride style piano "The Greatest American Composer" Influenced by art music First major gig at Cotton Club in Harlem in 1927 Over 2,000 songs |
| Duke Ellington Style | Composed/Arranged music specifically for musicians personality Cross section arrangements wrote melodies in unusual instrument parts such as bass and baritone influenced by (french) impressionist |
| Mutes & Jungle Music | Used by Ellington's band members Added vocal effects such as growl sounds Music that sounded animalistic due to the mutes;growling sounds |
| Cootie Williams | Ellington Musician (1929-1940) (1960-1974) trumpet w/ mutes; great soloist |
| Johnny Hodges | (1928-1970) Alto Sax solo career (1950-1954) 1st important sax player & great soloist |
| Ben WEBSTER | (1940-1949) Tenor Sax Great soloist 2nd most famous tenor sax of generation |
| Jimmy Blanton | (1939-1941 death) Bass Dies at 23 of TB great soloist; played w/ a bow recorded as duo w/ Ellington |
| Billy Strayhorn | (1939-1967 death) piano/composer Wrote song "Take the A Train" Openly gay |
| Lester Young | Tenor sax; important soloist and modern musician |
| Count Basie Orchestra | Kansas City Style Blues & Jazz Based Riff Pieces Revolutionary Rhythm section- modern sound |
| Count Basie | Tasteful soloist; simple, humorous, high notes Used comping (accompanying soloist) |
| Basie Rhythm Section | Freddie Green (guitar): rare soloist,chord player= "created groove" Walter Page (Bass): developed melodic bass lines Jo Jones "Papa Jo" (Drums): developed modern rhythm and cymbal patterns |
| Magnetic Tape | Developed first by Germans & Japanese Les Paul (1948): experimented with multiple track recorders allowed him to do overdubs |
| Ampex | 1948 first commercially available tape recorder |
| First Stereo Recorder | 1949; caused lots of experimentation; 2 tracks |
| first 12 inch LP | Columbia Record Co. 33.5 rpm ---20-25 minutes per side 1948 |
| 45 rpm single | RCA Victor 1949 A/B Side w/ sound on each side higher quality for FM stations |
| FM Stations | over 700 stations by 1939 |
| TV | 1939 Debut at World Fair 1946: 6,000 sets in U.S. 1951: 12 million sets in U.S Great exposure for musicians |
| Nat "King" Cole | Singer/Piano Nat Cole Trio (Piano, Bass, Guitar) 1946- 1954: 14 top ten hits Compared to Jackie Robinson First black to host radio show (1948-1949) and variety tv show (1955-1956) great jazz musician but famous for his pop music |
| Billie Holiday | Singer Worked w/ Counte Basie & Arty Shaw---Big Bands Mostly worked w/ small groups/combos Worked w/Lester Young & nicknamed him "Prez" Named "Lady Day" by Lester Young personal musical voice, nobody sounds like her |
| Ella Fitzgerald | Vocalist Virtousitic: great range and technique Master @ scat singing Worked for Chick Webb; and led band after Webb died Recordings: "Song Book" by famous composers Recorded w/ Louis Armstrong |
| "All of Me" "Cotton Tail" | Billie Holiday Ella Fitzgerald |
| "Hit that Jive Jack" Stardust | Nat "King" Cole |
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