Biology Chapter 8
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mitosis | A single parent cell reproduces to make 2 identical daughter cells |
| Asexual | Without the use of gametes, they are identical |
| Sexual | With an union of gametes, do not get identical off spring |
| binary fission | is asexual reproduction where a parent organism divides into two genetically identical individuals of about equal size |
| Chromatin | DNA in its loose state |
| Centromere | is a narrow waist where the chromatids join |
| The Cell Cycle | An ordered sequence of events from the cell's formation to division |
| Interphase | takes up the majority of the cell cycle, but no cells divide, used for the cell to get bigger, and the chromatid and organelles duplicate |
| Mitotic Phase | cell divides |
| Cytokinesis | occurs during the mitotic phase, where the rest of the cell splits |
| G1 | grow larger, metabolically active, rapidly making protein |
| S | DNA Replication |
| G2 | Organelles replicate, makes enzymes for mitosis |
| Mitosis | division of the nucleus |
| Growth Factor | a chemical or substance that tells a cell to grow and divide |
| Density-dependent inhibition | cells divide tell they are packed together |
| Anchorage dependence | in order for a cell to divide it has to be touching some solid surface |
| cytokinesis in animals | a cleavage occurs |
| cytokinesis in plants | cell plates form |
| G0 | permanent non dividing cell stage |
| metastasize | move to different areas |
| loci | is the same place in homologous chomosomes |
| Gametes | sperm and eggs only 23 chromosomes each |
| Diploid | are cells that have a full set of chromosomes |
| Haploid | a cell with half of the original number of chromosomes |
| Zygote | the result of fertilization |
| Independent Orientation | Homologous chromosomes can align in any direction |
| Allel | different version of the same gene |
| Karyotypes | an ordered display of magnified images of individual's chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs |
| Tisomy 21 | if you have 3 chromosomes at 21 you will have down syndrom |
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