The Chemistry of Life
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Created by:
Miranda0911 on October 13, 2011
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Description:
-Biology test 2.
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atom | The smallest unit of matter that can not be broken down by chemical means. |
| Element | Substances made up of only one kind of atom |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an element. |
| Mass Number | The number of protons plus the number of neutrons. |
| Compound | A substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different elements. |
| Convalent Bond | Forms when 2 or more atoms share electrons to form a molecule |
| Molecule | A group of atoms held together by convalent bonds |
| Ionic Bond | Bonds formed when atoms transfer electrons |
| Ion | An element that has gained or lost one or more electrons. |
| Cohesion | The attraction between substances of the same kind. |
| Surface Tension | Caused by the attraction between water molecules; prevents the surface of water from easily breaking. |
| Adhesion | An attraction between different substances (why things get wet) |
| Solution | A mixture in which one or more substances is evenly distributed in another substance |
| Solute | Substance that is dissolved |
| Solvent | What dissolves the solute - usually water |
| Acid | Compound that Increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (h+) in solution |
| Base | Compound that Reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions (increases (OH-)) |
| Carbohydrate | Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. |
| Lipid | Nonpolar molecules that are not solube in water ( can dissolve ) |
| Protein | Large complex compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| Nucleic Acid | A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides |
| Activation Energy | The energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions ( usually a protein, Lowers activation energy ) |
| Catalyst | Substances that reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction |
| Substrate | The substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction. |
| Active Site | Site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
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