| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Photosynthesis | What is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy (glucose)? |
| C6H12O6 | What is the formula for glucose? |
| Light | In photosynthesis what does the prefix photo mean? |
| To make or form | In photosynthesis what does the suffix synthesis mean? |
| Light energy+6co2+6h2o = c6h12o6+6o2 | What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? |
| Balanced Chemical Equation | What is it called when the number of atoms to the left of the arrow equal the number of atoms to the right of the arrow? |
| co2 + h2o | What are the reactants of photosynthesis? |
| c6h12o6 + o2 | What are the products of photosynthesis? |
| Chlorophyll | What is the green pigment found in green plants and functions to trap light energy from the sun? |
| To trap light energy from the sun | What is the function of chlorophyll? |
| Light | What is a form of energy in photosynthesis? |
| Photon of light | What can cause the chlorophyll molecule to become excited? |
| Photon | What is a specific quantity of light energy? |
| Packet of energy | What is another name for photon? |
| Pigment | What is a colored substance that absorbs or reflects light? |
| Chlorophyll a | What is the most abundant and most important pigment in the process of photosynthesis? |
| Chlorophyll b | What differs from chlorophyll a by the number of oxygen and hydrogen atoms present in the molecule? |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | What is a range of different types of electromagnetic waves? |
| Oscillates | Wave of energy is generated when electric charge ------------------. |
| Visible Light, X-rays, Microwaves, Ultraviolet, and Infrared | What are the componenets of the electromagnetic spectrum? |
| A Prism | What is used to split visible light? |
| A different wavelength | When the visible light passes through a prism, the combination of wavelengths are sparated. What does each color represent? |
| Red, Orange, Blue, Violet | What four colors of the visible light are more important to photosynthesis than the others? |
| A molecule of chlorophyll | What traps light energy? |
| Higher Energy State | Specific wavelengths of light put electrons of the chlorophyll molecule into a ------------ --------------- --------------. |
| A Series Of Chemical Events | Chlorophyll alone can't harness energy from the sun. ----- ------ --------- ----------------- ---------- must occur after chlorophyll becomes excited. |
| Energy | What is defined as the ability to do work? |
| Light Energy, Heat Energy, Chemical Energy, and Mechanical Energy | What are four forms of energy? |
| Law # 1 Conservation of Energy | Energy is neither created or destroyed but changed from one form to another |
| Law # 2 Entropy | Energy in a form to do work is eventually converted to heat energy which is dissipated into the surroundings |
| A trend toward Disorder | What is entropy also called? |
| The Candle | In the example of Law # 1 Conservation of Energy what part of the candle burning is considered Chemical Energy? |
| The Flame | In the example of Law # 2 Entropy what part of the burning candle is considered Heat Energy? |
| The Flame | In the example of Law # 2 Entropy what part of the burning candle is considered Light Energy? |
| Nutritional Requirements and Energy Source | What are the two major factors that the classification of organisms is based off of? |
| Autotrophs and Heterotrophs | What are the two classes organisms are separated into? |
| Self Feeder | What does Autotroph mean? |
| Other Feeder | What does Heterotroph mean? |
| Autotrophs | What are organisms that can manufacture their own food by photosynthesis? |
| Heterotrophs | What are organisms that have to actively seek out their food? |
| The Sun | What is the ultimate source of energy? |
| Glucose | What has a large amount of stored energy in its chemical bonds? |
| Energy Carrier Molecule | What is the energy in glucose transfered to? |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | What does ATP stand for? |
| Adenosine Diphosphate | What does ADP stand for? |
| ATP | What captures energy in controlled amounts? |
| ATP | What Releases energy where it is needed and in controlled amounts? |
| Energy | When the chemical bonds of the second and third phosphate groups are broken large amounts of what is released? |
| Between the Second and third phosphate groups | In a ATP molecule where is the most energy stored? |
| Cellular Jobs | In the human body what is ATP energy used to do? |
| Contracting Muscles, Chemical Work, and Conducting Nerve Impulses | What are three functions that ATP provides the energy for? |
| Enzymes | The changing from ADP to ATP is a reversible reaction. What is this caused by? |
| In the prescence of light | Where must the light reaction occur? |
| In a fraction of a second | How fast does the light reaction of photosynthesis occur? |
| Of Chlorophyll | Each Thylakoid contains 200-400 molecules of what? |
| Thylakoids | Each chloroplast contains stacks of membrane which is known as what? |
| Grana | What are the sacs of disks that make up the thylakoids? |
| Stroma | What is the enzyme fluid surrounding the thylakoids? |
| A Photon of Light | Electrons become excited in the chlorophyll molecule when they are exposed to what? |
| It is led away from the chlorophyll molecule by an electron acceptor | What happens to the electron once it is excited? |
| Give it up | What do excited electrons do with their energy? |
| It causes free phosphates to be added to two ADP molecules | When excited electrons give up their energy what happens? |
| It returns to its original position in the chlorophyll molecule | When the excited electron "cools" down what happens to the electron? |
| Photolysis | When some energy is released by the excited electrons what does it cause to occur? |
| Photolysis | What is the splitting of a water molecule by energy from excited molecules? |
| NADP | What is a hydrogen or electron acceptor that picks up hydrogen? |
| the electrons | When a water molecule is split what from the hydrogen atoms replace those lost from teh chlorophyll molecule? |
| NADPH2 | When hydrogen ions combine with NADP what do they become? |
| 2 ATP molecules, NADPH2, and Free O2 | What does the light reaction convert light energy into? |
| The Calvin Cycle, or the Carbon Fixation Cycle | What are two other names for the dark reaction? |
| Carbon Dioxide | What penetrates the chloroplasts to the thylakoids specific compounds in the stroma cause CO2 fixation? |
| Ribulose Diphosphate | What does RDP stand for? |
| Phosphoglyceraldehyde | What does PGAL stand for? |
| Phosphoglyceric Acid | What does PGA stand for? |
| RDP, PGAL, and PGA | What are the chemical components of the dark reaction? |
| 5-Carbon RDP | When carbon dioxide enters the chloroplast, it's single carbon atom combines with what? |
| An unstable 6-carbon molecule | When carbond dioxide enters the chloroplast, it's single carbon atom combines with a 5-carbon RDP to make what? |
| 2 molecules of PGA | When the 6-carbon molecule splits what is it broken into? |
| 3-carbon molecules | When the 6-carbon molecule splits how many carbon molecules are in each PGA molecule? |
| a 3-carbon sugar called PGAL | With input from NADPH2 and ATP from the light reaction, what does PGA form? |
| NADPH2 and ATP | What two things are needed in order for PGA to form a 3-carbon sugar molecule called PGAL? |
| a 6-carbon sugar molecule | During the Calvin Cycle what is PGAl converted into? |
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