Ch 5 Bones Overview
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Created by:
eagleswings59 Plus on October 14, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
Marieb Ch 5 A
Classes:
malonek ahs anatomy and physiology
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 humerus |  |
| tibia and fibula |  |
| femur |  |
| radius and ulna |  |
| axial skeleton | the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs |
| appendicular skeleton | the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs |
| compact bone | Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone |
| spongy bone | Layer of Bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone |
| long bone | The most common class of bone in the body, long bones have a well-defined shaft (the diaphysis) and two well-defined ends (the epiphyses). |
| short bone | carpals, tarsals |
| flat bone | A type of bone with a thin flattened shape. Examples include the scapula, ribs, and pelvic bones. |
| irregular bones | bones that have complex shapes with short, flat, notched or ridged surfaces; examples are vertebrae that form the spinal column and several bones in the skull |
| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| periosteum | thin membrane that covers a bone |
| Sharpey's fibers | hundreds of connective tissue securing periosteum to underlying bone |
| epiphyses | Ends of long bone (contains red marrow). |
| articular cartilage | covers joint surfaces of epiphysis |
| epiphyseal line | in adults; remnant of epiphyseal plate |
| epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton |
| medullary cavity | cavity within the shaft of the long bones; filled with bone marrow |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells, found in lacunae |
| lacunae | small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes |
| lamellae | Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix |
| haversian canals | network of tubes that contain blood vessels and nerves |
| osteon | The unit of combact bone, also called a Haversian system. Osteons are essentially long cylinders of bone; the hollow center is called the central canal, and is where blood vessels, nervs, and lymphatic vessels are found. Compact bone is laid down around the central canal in rings (lamellae). |
| canaliculi | small hair-like canals extending from the central canal. Allow for diffusion of nutrients, waste products, hormones, etc. to lacunae. |
| Volkmann's canals | channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal. |
| osteoblasts | bone forming cells |
| osteoclasts | Bone-destroying cells |
| articular cartilage | thin hyaline cartilage layer that covers epiphyses of bones in synovial joints |
| bone remodeling | the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue |
| fracture | breaking of hard tissue such as bone |
| reduction | correcting a fracture by realigning the bone fragments |
| hematoma | the collection of blood under the skin as the result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. bruise |
| fibrocartilage callus | connective tissue of various types, mass of repair tissue, contains cartilage matrix, bony matrix, and collagen fibers, splints broken bone |
| bony callus | this forms during fracture repair when the fibrocartilage is converted to spongy bone; lasts 3-4 months |
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