Religion test 2
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Yee historical critical method | romanticism and the 19th century, preoccupation with the author (everything involved in production: oral traditions, historical background) |
| Yee New Criticism | text-centered literary criticism, concern with the text (history, more original saying, beauty of lit) |
| Yee reader centered criticism | reader's experience and his consumption of text (inferences about the world and literary conventions) reader's personality determines what the text means |
| Yee social structure Isreal | tribes, nation under monarchy, under colonial power |
| problems with historical criticism | neglect of text itself, no literary theory to reckon with the biblical text itself |
| problems with New Criticism | structuralism and formalism, treats literature as object itself rather than combination of social practice connected to history, ignores ideology, ignores that it is produced by the author and culturally affected by gender, historical context, class, and bias; issue of competing claims to truth |
| eisegesis | what should not be done, reading Bible like what you want it to mean |
| exegesis | how Bible should be read, historical and literary critical interpretation to draw out meaning |
| 2 wrong ideas of exegesis | 1) objective, neutral interpretation possible 2) there is just one meaning to discern by the author |
| Ashkenazim | Jews who lived in or came from central Europe |
| bar(bat) mitzvah | son/ daughter (ages 13 males 12-18 girls) of the commandment, coming of age ceremony when young person is considered legal adult in Jewish community |
| biblical Judaism | Judaism before destruction of Second Temple (70 CE) |
| mikvah | ritual bath and purification for child |
| Canan | anceint name for Isreal |
| Conservative Judaism | branch of Judaism that attempts to blend the best of the old and new Judaism |
| covenant | contract between Hebrews and their Godm Yahwh |
| diaspora | dispersion of Jews beyond Isreal (persia, egypt, and medittaranean) |
| Essenes | "sons of light" reclusive semimonastic Jewish group from 150 BCE- 68 CE |
| Hanukkah | early winter festival recalling rededication of the the 2nd Temple celebrated with the lighting of candles for 8 days |
| Holocaust | destruction of European Judaism by the Nazis, also known as Shoah- extermination |
| Kabbalah | handed down, whole body of Jewish mystical literature. Mystical speculation sometimes prompted by persecution |
| Ketuvim | "writings" 3rd section of Hebrew scriptures consisting of poems, proverbs, and lit works |
| kosher | "ritually correct" refers to food preparation and food consumption |
| menorah | candelabrum usually containing 7 or 9 branches used for religious celebrations |
| Messiah | savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by Jews |
| midrash | "search" rabbinical commentary on scriptures and oral law |
| Orthodox Judaism | most traditional branch of Judaism |
| Passover (Pesach) | joyful spring festival that recalls Hebrews' exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression |
| Pharisees | faction during Second Temple Period that emphasized observance of biblical rules |
| prophet | person inspired by God to speak for them |
| Purim | festival in early spring that recalls Jews' being saved from destruction as told in Book of Esther |
| rabbi | religious teacher, Jewish minister |
| rabbinal Judaism | Judaism that developed after destruction of 2nd temple |
| Reconstructionism | modern liberal branch of Judaism that emphasizes cultural aspects of Judaism |
| Reform | movement beginning in 19th century that questioned and modernized Judaism liberal branch |
| Rosh Hashanah | Begining of the new year, occurring in the 7th lunar month |
| Sabbath | day of rest (saturday) day of prayer and rest from work |
| Sadducees | priestly faction, influential during 2nd temple period |
| Seder | "order" special ritual meal during passover, recalling Hebrews' exodus from Egypt |
| Sephardim | Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean reigon |
| Sukkot | "Booths" festival in late autumn that recalls Jews' period of wandering in the desert after exodus from Egypt |
| talit | a prayer shawl worn by male devotees |
| Talmud | encyclopedic commentary on Hebrew scriptures |
| tefillin | Phlacteries, two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by Orthodox males on their head and left arm at morning prayer during the week |
| theophany | relevation or appearance of God |
| Torah | aka: Pentateuch (sacred core), "instructions" first 5 books of Hebrew scriptures also the addition instructions of God believed to have been passed on orally to Moses and other teachers/ rabbis |
| Western Wall | foundation stones of last temple of Jerusalem now place of prayer |
| Yom Kippur | Day of Atonement most sacred day of Jewish year |
| Zealots | anti-Roman nationalistic Jewish faction, active during Roman period of control over Isreal |
| Zionism | movement that encouraged creation and support of nation Isreal |
| Saul | first king of Isreal |
| the Assyrians | conquered northern kingdom |
| the Babylonians | conquered the southern kingdom |
| The three centers of Jewish life today | Israel, the US, and Russia |
| Nevi'im | "prophets" second section of Hebrew scriptures made of historical and prophetic books |
| yarmulke | skullcap worn by devout males |
| How are Gods qualified by in Mesopotamia religion | above all others (asaridu), lord and master (belu), king (sarru), Enil of Gods (Gods of Gods) ruler of Heaven and Earth, supreme and unequaled |
| Enil | God of Gods |
| Adad | king of the Gods |
| Ninurta | first of the Gods |
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