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the sea transportation and trade, they lacked resources, also cultural diffusion the land more living space, resource mountains, the separated the different regions. the climate averages 48 - 80, moderate climates eurasion steppes Mycenaeans came from where? Mycenae What was the leading city of the Mycenaeans? c.1600-1100b.c. When did the Mycenaeans rule? (date) 1500b.c., they saw the value of seaborne trade When did the Mycenaeans come into contact with the Minoans? What influence did the Minoans have on them? 1150-750b.c., they were less advanced, no written records When was the Darius Age? How were the Darians different from the Mycenaeans? Why do historians know little about this period? Lliad, Odysey What were some of the epic writings of Homer? Gods competed with each other, Zeus the ruler of the gods Athena's guardian of cities, Myths, human like and eternal Briefly describe the Greek gods. 461-429b.c. When was the Age of Pericles? he increased the number of possessions., allowed concern people to serve in democracy What did Pericles do to allow people to be involved as public officials? gov. of citizen ruled directly, not through representatives What is a direct democracy? used the money from the leagues treasury to make the Athenians What did Pericles do to create resentment among other members of the Delian League? Thucydides Who was the greatest historian of the classical age? sparta and athens, signed a truce, 431-404b.c. Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? the universe, logic and reason On what two assumptions did Greek philosophers base their thinking? died in 399 b.c. by drininking hemlock a slow acting posion How did Socrates die? the republic What is Plato's most famous work? Alexandria son of King Philip III of Macedonia Who was Aristotle's famous pupil? Egyptian city of Alexandria, trade ships from all around the Mediterranean decked in its spacious harbor, Alexandria's thriving commerce enabled it to grow and prosper. What was the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilzation? Describe some of the attraction of this city. sun is at least 300 times larger than earth, earth and the other planets revolved around the sun, earth was at the center of the solar system List 3 findings of ancient Greek astronomers. Eratosthenes discovered earth's circumference at between 28,000-29,000 miles. Aristarchus discovered the sun is 300 times the size of earth Name two famous Greek scientists or mathematicians, along with some their dicoveries? stoicism proposed that people should live virtuous lives in harmony with the will of god or the natural laws that God established to run the universe. Epicureanism taught that gods who had no interest in humans rued the universe. Both believed in a god Compare and Contrast the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Hellenistic Statue Bronze stood more than 100ft high What was the Colossus of Rhodes? a blend of Greek and other influences, flourished throughout Greece, Egypt, and Asia. What is Hellenistic culture? What policy of Alexander allowed is to develop? North of Greece Where was Macedonia? 338 b.c. When did King Philip begin conquering Greek city-states? Self-government and local affairs What power did Philip allow city-states to keep? When the people of Thebes rebelled he destroyed the city, 6000 Thebens was killed. What event convinced Greek city-states not to rebel against Alexandria? 334 b.c., King Darius When did Alexander begin his assualt of the Persian Empire? Who was the Persian king at the time? Egypt What region did Alexandria conquer in 332 B.C.? Macedonia and Egypt to the Indus river What areas did Alexander's empire conquer in 332 B.C.? 323b.c., a fever When did Alexandria die? What was the possible cause of death? Macedonia and Greek city-states, old Persian Empire, Egypt Into what 3 regions did ALexandria's empire divide after his death? Mycenaean an Indo-European person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000b.c. Trojan War a war, fought around 1200b.c., in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia. Dorian a Greek-speaking people that, according to traditation, migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization. epic a long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes. myth a traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told of explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society. polis a Greek city state- the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750b.c. acropolis fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city. monarchy a gov. in which power is in the hands of a single person. aristocracy a gov. in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility. oligarchy a gov. in which power is in the hands of a few people-especially one in which rule is based upon wealth. tyrant in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's gov. by appealing to the poor for support. democracy a gov. controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives. helot in the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land. phalanx a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields. Persian Wars a series of wars in the fifth century b.c., in which Greek city states battled the Persian Empire. direct democracy a gov. in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives. classical art the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and proportion, were emphasized. tragedy a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character. comedy a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire. Peloponnesian War a war, lasting from 431-404b.c., in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies. philosopher a thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality. Macedonia an ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip ll conquered Greece in 338 b.c. Archimedes Estimated the value of pi the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter Alexandria foremost center ofcommerce and Hellenistic civilization Euclid Mathematician who taught in Alexandria by drinking hemlock a poison How did Socrates die?