Chapter 4: New Civilizations in the Americas and Western Eurasia (1200-250 B.C.E.)
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Olmec | the most influencial early Mesopotamian civilization (1200-900 B.C.E) |
| Chavin | the first major urban civilization in South America |
| llamas | hoofed animals, indegenous to the Andes Mts.; the only domesticated beast of burden in the Americas before the Europeans arrived; provided meat and wool; used for transportation of goods and specialized production and trade |
| Druids | Celtic priests who belonged to a highly respected and well-organized fraternity with religious, judicial, and educational functions; they practiced secret lore |
| Neo-Assyrian Empire | empire extending from western Iran to Syria-Palestine; conquered by the Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia; they used force and terror and exploited the wealth and labor of their subjects; also continued the cultural and scientific developments of the Mesopotamian civilization |
| Ashur | Chief deity of the Assyrians, he stood behind the king and brought victory in war; also the name of an important Assyrian religious and political center |
| mass deportation | the forcible uprooting of large numbers of people or entire communities, from their homes in order to transport and resettle them |
| Library of Ashurbanipal | contained official documents and an array of literary and scientific texts of Mesopotamia |
| Israel | the land between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan River, occupied by the Israelites |
| Hebrew Bible | a collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the Israelites |
| First Temple | a monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem by King Solomon to be the religious center for the Israelite god Yahweh; eventually it was destroyed, replaced with King Herod's Second Temple, then destroyed again |
| monotheism | the absolute belief in Yahweh as the one and only god |
| diaspora | used to describe the communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland |
| Phoenicians | Semetic-speaking Canaanites found in present-day Syria, Lebanon, and Israel; they found Carthage |
| Carthage | city located in present-day Tunisia; founded by Phoenicians; it became a major commercial center and naval power in the Western Mediterranean until it was defeated by Rome in the 3rd century B.C.E. |
| tophets | walled enclosures in which were buried thousands of small, sealed urns containing the burned bones of children |
| Neo-Babylonian kingdom | major political and cultural center during the 7th and 6th centuries; monarchs Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar took over the southern portion of the Assyrian domains; they initiated diaspora of the Jews |
| monopoly | an exclusive privelage to carry on a business, traffic, or service, granted by the government |
| caste | any class or group of society sharing common cultural features |
| social hierarchy | like a class-division system, whose main purpose is to resolve conflict |
| trade diaspora communities | networks of foreign merchants who might live briefly or for many generations in a host society |
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