| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Crude oil | a mixture of many different compounds |
| Distillation | separates liquids with different boiling points |
| Hydrocarbons | contain H & C only, make up the majority of crude oil |
| Alkanes | saturated hydrocarbons, general formula CnH2n+2 |
| Molecular formula | shows the number of each type of atom |
| Structural formula | shows how the atoms are bonded together |
| Fractionating column | separates the fractions in crude oil, hot > cold |
| Fractions | contain molecules with similar boiling points |
| Petroleum gas | short-chain hydrocarbons and l.b.p. alkanes, used as fuel =50deg.C |
| Gasoline/petrol | used in fuel for car engines |
| Kerosene | used for aircraft fuel |
| Diesel oil/gas oil | used as fuel in diesel engines and as boiler fuel |
| Residue | thick, stick mixture of long-chain hydrocarbons, used in making roads and flat roads |
| carbon dioxide | burning hydrocarbons in air prduces _____ +water |
| carbon monoxide | burning hydrocarbons in a limited amount of air produces _____ +particles of unburnt hydrocarbons |
| sulphur dioxide | burning fossil fuels which contain sulphur compounds |
| atmosphere | the mass of air surrounding the Earth |
| greenhouse gas | a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation e.g. carbon dioxide |
| global warming | An increase in the av. temperature of the earth's atmosphere, especially a sustained increase sufficient to cause climatic change. |
| global dimming | less solar radiation reaches the earth due to cloud and gas cover in the atmosphere |
| acid rain | sulphur dioxide dissolved in rain water |
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