Veterinary Anatomy - Muscular System part 3 (head, neck & thoracic region)
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 temporalis muscle | muscle extending from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process of the mandible |
| masseter muscle | prime elevator (closer) of the mandible, originates on the inferior margin of the zygomatic arch. It inserts on the mandible. In the cat it is partly covered by the parotid salivary gland. The dorsal and ventral facial nerves brackett the muscle in the cat as well. |
| digastricus muscle | raises the hyoid bone & depresses the mandible, opens the jaws, rostrally innervated by mandibular nerve, caudally by facial nerve. |
| superficial pectoral muscles | o: cranial sternebra i: crest of greater tubercle (humerus) |
| deep pectoral muscle | o: length of sternum i: greater, lessor tubercle (humerus) |
| brachiocephalicus | o: clavicular intersection i: distal-cranial humerus; dorsal cervical midline; skull |
| sternocephalicus | o: manubrium i: head |
| omotransversarius | o: wing of atlas i: distal spine of scapula |
| trapezius | o: cervical raphe; dorsal midline T1-T9 I scapula spine |
| rhomboideus | o: head; cervical raphe; spinous process T4-T7 i: dorsal border scapula |
| latissimus dorsi | o: spinous process T & L, ribs 11-13 i: proximal medical humeral shaft (teres major tuberosity) |
| serratus ventralis | o: transverse processes C3-C7; ribs 1-7 i: serrated face of scapula |
| deltoideus | o: scapular spine i: deltoid tuberosity |
| intercostal muscles | Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing |
| diaphragm | thin, dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| external intercostal muscles | inspiratory muscles directed in an oblique direction so that when they contract, they rotate the ribs upward & forward which increases the size of the thoracic cavity & causes air to be drawn into the lungs |
| internal intercostal muscles | expiratory muscles which run at right angles to those of the external intercostal muscles, they rotate the ribs backward which decreases the size of the thoracic cavity & pushes air out of the lungs |
| epaxial muscles | between spinous & transverse process - back muscle |
| longissimus dorsi | Origin - Sacral and caudal vertebrae. Insertion - Trunk and cervical vertebrae. Action - Extends vertebral column. |
| hypaxial muscles | striated muscle on the ventral side of the body, All other trunk muscles ventral to transverse processes and mm of abdominal and thoracic wall, Neck: longus capitis, longus colli Thoracic wall: scalenus, serratus ventralis, seratus dorsalis, external intercostal , internal intercostal Abdominal wall: external abdominal oblique, intermal abdominal oblique, rectus abdominis, transverses abdominis |
| external abdominal oblique | O: thoracolumnar fascia and last rib I: linea alba |
| internal abdominal oblique | O: thoracoumbar fascia I: linea alba |
| transverse abdominis | O: medial surface of last 4-5 ribs and transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae. Its fibers run in a dorsoventral direction I: linea alba |
| rectus abdominis | O: sternum I: pubis lies on the either side of the ventral midline. Straplike muscle runs from the sternum to the pubis lateral to the linea alba. Forms the "6 pack" in physically fit individuals. Flat muscle encased in an aponeurosis known as the rectus sheath |
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