Review Ch 10 Muscular System
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Created by:
Turtlain1993 on October 15, 2011
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Notes on muscle tissue
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are the four functions of the muscular system? | Movement, heat production, stability, control of body openings and passages. |
| Describe Skeletal muscle. | Voluntary, striated, parallel myofibers, located in the appendicular and axial musculature. |
| Describe Cardiac muscle. | Involuntary, foamy look, auto rhythmicity, intercalated disks with gap junctions, ANS has influence, cardiocytes, located in the heart. |
| Describe Smooth muscle. | Involuntary, non-striated, overall control is the ANS, fusiform cells. |
| Describe multiunit smooth muscle. | Motor units with synapses, contract independtly, located in large arteries, iris and piloerecter muscle. |
| Describe single unit smooth muscle. | Varicosities, all myocytes contract together, myocytes with gap junctions, located with visceral muscles and most blood vessels. |
| Origin | Point of relatively stationary attachment of a muscle. |
| Insertion | Point of moveable attachment of a muscle. |
| Belly | The fleshy, thickened portion of a muscle. |
| Tendon | Dense sheet/ band of connective tissue attaching themuscle to a bone. |
| Aponeurosis | Strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber. |
| Perimysium | Connective tissue surrounding a bundle of myofibers. |
| Epimysium | Fibrous sheath surrounds the entire muscle. |
| Fascia | Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles. |
| Muscle fascicle | Bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium. |
| Prime mover | Muscle that produces the most force for thee action.(aslo: agonsit) |
| Synergist | Muscle that assists the prime mover. |
| Antagonist | Muscle that resists prime mover and helps control muscle movements. |
| Fixator | Muscle that holds a bone in place and resists movement. |
| Sarcomere | Contractile unit of the muscle cell. |
| Z disc | Marks the boundary of one sarcomere. |
| Myofibril | Bundle of myofilaments. (= protein microfilaments) |
| Thick filament | Myofilament composed of bundles of myosin molecules |
| Thin filament | Myofilament composed of intertwined strands of protein fibers. |
| Neuromuscular junction | Motor end plate where the synaptic knob of a nerve meets a muscle. |
| ACh | Neurotransmitter that transmits nerve impulse across synaptic cleft. |
| AChE | Enzyme that breaks down ACh and turns off contraction. |
| Motor unit | Functional unit consisting of one nerver fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates. (average 200 fibers/neuron - fine movements 5 fibers/neuron) |
| Slow oxidative muscle fibers | Muscle fibers with high levels of blodd flow and myoglobin (red); endurance |
| Fast glycolytic muscle fibers | Muscle fibers with less blood flow (pale "white" fibers); quick powerful reactions. |
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