| Term | Definition |
| shortfall | failure to go a certain level, shortage |
| confront | be face to face with |
| renowned | widely known and esteemed |
| predilection | a strong liking, a predisposition in favor of something |
| sway | controlling influence |
| boisterous | noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline |
| penchant | A bias in favor of something. |
| buttress | a support usually of stone or brick |
| averse | opposed to doing something |
| outset | the beginning or start |
| belabor | (v.) to criticize harshly, usually publicly; to explain or insist on excessively |
| deficient | of a quantity not able to fulfill a need or requirement |
| drove | a moving crowd |
| inaugurate | commence officially |
| spate | a sudden forceful flow |
| roister | engage in boisterous, drunken merry-making |
| convivial | occupied with or fond of the pleasures of good company |
| notoriety | the state of being known for some unfavorable act or quality |
| defame | To slander. |
| replete | fill to satisfaction |
| glutton | a person who is devoted to eating and drinking to excess |
| bolster | support and strengthen |
| plebeian | one of the common people |
| skullduggery | Crafty deception or trickery or an instance of it. |
| magnanimous | generous and understanding and tolerant |