Biology 100 test one
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Created by:
elishascheer on February 11, 2009
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111 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The oxygen you breath in ends up in which byproduct of cellular respiration? | H2O |
| When running a marathon which energy system is used most? | Oxidate Energy |
| Hyptonic | Greater Solute |
| Hypotonic | Less Solute |
| Osmosis | Movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane |
| Diffusion | Moving from higher concentration to lower |
| What affects diffusion | Temperarature, Concentration, Size and Shape of Molecule |
| Metabolism | is various reactions that acquire and use energy for the characteristics of life. |
| Eukarya domain | Organisms with membrane bound organelles belong to which of the following |
| is a tissue | Groups of similar cells that perform the same function |
| True | The example of the scientific method read aloud in class involved sexual reproduction |
| archaea | Which of the following kingdoms does not have eukaryotic cells |
| ribosomes | When considering the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which of the following is NOT associated with it? |
| plasma membrane | During lecture, when we are describing cells, we use the walls, floor and ceiling to represent which cell part? |
| False | The oxygen atom in a water molecule has a slight positive charge. |
| True | Organelles, such as the mitochondria, move around internally within the cell by the cytoskeleton. |
| False | Anaerobic respiration starts and ends in the mitochondria |
| False | Direct communication between adjacent cells in your heart occurs because of tight junctions. |
| Glyclosis | ATP is formed during which of the following? |
| Clorox | Considering denaturing enzymes, which of the following would be an oxidizing agent? |
| Tight Junctions | __________________ prevent substances from leaking down between cells |
| Cell Theory | Organization of Life |
| Gene Theory | Molecular basis of inheritence |
| Theory of Heredity | Unity of LIfe |
| Theory of Evolution | Diversity of life |
| Prokaryotic Cells | no membrane bound organelles, DNA not enclose in nucleus, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria |
| Eukaryotic Cells | Membrane Bound, Plants, Animals, Protistans and Fungi |
| Plasma Membrane-Lipid Bilayer | Two layers of phospholipids; Oxygen is bigger and slightly negative and hydrogen is slightly positive |
| Cholesteral | Provides structural support to membrane in Lipid Bilayer |
| Hydrogen Bond | Attraction, but with enough energy will break lose |
| Pili | Attach together and exchange genetics |
| Capsule | stick to other cells |
| Plasma Membrane | Outer defining limit of cell and regulates movement |
| Regions of Plasma Membrane | Intracellular and Extracellular |
| Cytoplasm | Mostly water, contains soluble componets |
| Nucleus | Seperates DNA from rest of cytoplasm; place for DNA to be copied |
| Nuclear Membrane | Pores |
| Nucleolus | RNA is made here |
| Chromatin | DNA itself and proteins |
| Endoplatic Reticulum | In animal cells and extends through cytoplasm |
| Rough ER | Contains Ribosomes, secreting proteins and is attached |
| Ribosomes | attached to endoplasmic ret. ; composed of proteins and ribsomal RNA; produce proteins |
| Smooth ER | No ribosomes; produces lipids or steroids; transports from rER to Golgo Bodies, inactivates wastes and drugs in liver |
| Gogli Bodies | Processes proteins and lipids that arrive from ER, arrives and leaves in vessicles |
| Vesicles | membranous sacs that move through cytosplasm |
| Cytomembrane Sytems Consists of... | Endoplastic Reticulum, Gogli, and Vesicles |
| Functions of Cytomembrane | produce and store biological molecules, stored and shipped ot various destiniations |
| Lysosomes | Contain enzymes and digestion of whole cell or cell parts |
| Peroxisomes | Contain enzymesand detoxify substances |
| Oxidase | Breaks down alcohol and fermalahyde and converts to h2o2=hydrogen peroxide |
| MItochondria | double membrane system; forms ATP through aerobis respiration |
| Cytoskeleton | present in all eukaryotic cells; basis for cell shape; allows movement in cells |
| Tight Junctions | prevents stuff from going in between cells |
| Adhering Junctions | Hang on to each other; example elbow |
| Gap Junctions | allow passage of material from one cell to other |
| Plants cells contain... | chloroplasts and central vacuole |
| Chloroplasts | convert sunlight energy to sugar through photosynthesis and contains pigment chlorophyll |
| Photosynthesis Formula | co2+h20 -->c6h1206+o2 |
| Central Vacuole | Fluid-filled oganelle; stores molecules; fluid pressure forces cell wall to expand as cell grows; takes up to 50 to 90% of interior |
| Chromoplasts | No chlorophyll, colors fruits and flowers |
| Amyloplasts | no pigments and stores starch |
| Cell wall | surrounds plasma membrane and occurs in plants, some fungi and some protistans |
| Cellulose | Fiber in diet-will clean out system |
| Plasmodesmata | gap junction in plant cells |
| Plant Cuticle | Restricts water loss |
| MItochondria | Resemble bacteria, have own DNA, divide on their own |
| Endosymbiosis Hypothesis | Idea that mitchondria and chloroplasts were originally free living bacteria |
| Energy | capacity to do work or put matter in motion |
| Kinetic energy | motion |
| Potential energy | stored energy |
| Chemical energy | directly utilized by body and stored in bonds |
| Electrical energy | directly utilized by body and have charged differencess |
| Mechanical Energy | Indirectly utilized by body and movement of muscles |
| Radiant energy | indirectly used by body and is outside heat |
| entropy | going towards disorder |
| Enzymes | Organic catalyst-speeds up chemical reactions and contains proteins-decreasing energy of activation |
| Lipase | Breaks down lipids |
| Amylase | enzyme in mouth |
| Functions of enzymes affected by... | pH, temp, and oxidizing substances |
| Aerobic Respiration | Cellular process bu which energy released from nutrients |
| ATP | adenosin triphosphate |
| ATP is utilized for... | chemical biosynthesis, muscle contraction, nerve impulse, active transport |
| ADP | Adenosine di-phosphate |
| Anaerobic Pathways | NO OXYGEN, starts with glycolysis, completed in cytoplasm |
| Aerobic Pathways | REQUIRES OXYGEN, starts with glyclosis in cytoplasm, and completed in mitochondria |
| Respiration | Requires 2 ATP to start.....ends in 4 ATP, NADH, 2 pryuvate molecules |
| Resperation Step 1 | Oxidative Respiration- Pyruvate forms acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide lost |
| Respiration Step 2 | Kreb's Cycle-Acetyl CoA enters-binds with beginning molecule-releases 2 carbon dioxide molecules-Hydrogen and electrons picked up by NAD and FAD-----ATP FORMED |
| Electron Transport System | OXYGEN used- NADH and FADH used--hydrogen moved across membrane--ATP synthases produce ATP as hydrogen flows back through membrane---02 picks up hydrogen and electrons creates water |
| Fermentation | Anareobic |
| Lactace Fermentation | Occurs in muscles and Bacteria |
| Lactobacillus | Bacteria in yogurt |
| Streptococcus lactis | Bacteria in yogurt |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | Carbon dioxide and ethanol produced |
| Saccharomyces ellipsoideus | fungus in beer and wine production |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | fungus in bread making |
| ATP enegery use | immediate |
| Creatine Phosphate energy use | 10 to 15 seconds |
| Glycolytic energy system energy use | makes 2 ATP and no oxygen used |
| Oxidative energy system | produces largest amount of enery- uses oxygen |
| Lipid Molecule | Carbon is removed by 2's and enter Kreb's cycle |
| Lipid Molecule Backbone | removed as unit and enters system as pyruvate |
| Amino Acids | form proteins--REMOVE NH3 first and remainder enters at pyruvate or Kreb's Cycle |
| Autotropic Organisms | self-feeders-plants |
| Hetereotrophic | Humans, animals |
| Thylakoids | look like dimes-location of chlorophyll |
| Color | Determined by reflection or absortion of light |
| Three carbon compound found at end of glycolysis | pyruvate |
| NADH | Only to carry hydrogen |
| Only thing that happens outside of mitochondria | Glycolysis |
| Looking at a pair of blue shorts you recognize the color blue..... | is reflection of blue |
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