ch.11 from zoe's guide
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Petrarch | - Italian poet, humanist, and writer (1304-1374), invented the Petrarchan sonnet, is called the father of humanism, stressed the importance of Cicero, Latin, and Greek |
| guilds | - confederations of merchants or artisans for the purpose of quality control, regulation, and education, developed into complex hierarchies and monopolies within the major Italian city-states Related terms - Milan, Florence, Venice |
| dowry | - price paid by the bride's family to the groom's family to cement the marriage, considered an investment in this era |
| Brunelleschi | Florentine architect (1377 - 1446), challenged the Gothic style with a new geometrically based one, designed the dome on il Duomo, considered first architect to understand and use perspective Related terms - Florence, Alberti, della Francesca, perspective |
| Donatello | Florentine sculptor (1386 - 1486), revived classical scultptural styles, sculpted first freestanding nude since antiquity (David), sculpted Judith Slaying Holofernes, revived the equestrian statue Related terms - Florence, perspective |
| Masaccio | Florentine painter (1401-128), much studied by his contemporaries, painted The Expulsion of Adam and Eve, first painter to use perspective Related terms - Florence, perspective |
| Leon Battista Alberti | Florentine architect (1404 - 1472), wrote the influential On Building, which imbued architecture with humanist values and classical forms Related terms - Florence, humanism, Brunelleschi, Castiglione |
| Piero della Francesca | Florentine painter (1420 - 1492), used a highly calculating and mathematical style of painting, noted for visual unity and technical precision, influenced by Masaccio and Alberti Related terms - Florence, Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Alberti, perspective |
| Sandro Botticelli | Florentine painter (1445 - 1510), emphasized individual beauty and classical themes, painted Primavera and the Birth of Venus, Lorenzo de' Medici was his patron Related terms - Florence, Lorenzo de' Medici |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Artist, inventor, scientist (1452 - 1519), considered model of the Renaissance man, works include the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper, as botanical, mechanical, and anatomical studies, worked in the court of Milan, designed many forward-thinking inventions like tanks and helicopters Relates terms - Milan, "l'uomo universale", Botticelli |
| Michelangelo Buonarroti | Painter and sculptor (1475 - 1564), discovered and patronized by Lorenzo de' Medici at 15, works include the Pieta, the David, the Sistine Chapel ceiling and dome of Saint Peter's Basilica, was very classically influenced Related terms - Lorenzo de' Medici, Florence, Rome |
| Giorgio Vasari | writer (1511 - 1574), wrote the Lives of the Great Painters, Sculptors, and Architects in 1560, which includes over 200 artists Related terms - da Vinci, humanism |
| humanism | secular philosophy developed during the Renaissance, centered on the individual, earthly life, and development and use of talents for the public good, as well as a rediscovery of classical thinkers such as Plato and Cicero, notable humainsts include Petrarch, Bruni, Valla, Alberti, and Machiavelli, stressed the importance of talents and achievements in the liberal arts |
| Mirandola | writer, wrote the Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486), influenced by Plato, prominent humanist under the patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici Related terms - humanism, Lorenzo de' Medici |
| Lorenzo Valla | Roman writer, humanist, and philologist (1407 - 1457), was in the service of Alfonso I, king of Naples, disproved the validity of the Donation of Constantine through philology and historical analysis, was a prominent civic humanist Related terms - Donation of Constantine, humanism, Naples, Papal States |
| Donation of Constantine | document on jurisdictional authority supposedly given to the papacy by Constantine in the 4th century, was cited by the papacy in territorial disputes between Naples and the Papal States, proved to be a forgery by Lorenzo Valla Related terms - Lorenzo Valla, Naples, Papal States |
| Charles VIII | French king (r. 1483 - 1498), supproted by Milan, he invaded the Italian Peninsula in 1494, occupied much of Italy, including Florence, Naples, and the Papal States, his invasions led to the breakdown of Italian political power and the overthrow of the Medici Related terms - Milan, the Medicis, Florence, Naples |
| Leonardo Bruni | scholar (1370 - 1444), translated Plato and Aristotle, followed in Petrarch's footsteps Related terms - humanism, Petrarch |
| Baldesar Castiglione | writer (1478 - 1529), wrote The Courtier, an etiquette book and guidebook for the aspiring elite, based on the life of Alberti, it detailed proper conduct, manner, appearance, and education of the elite civil servant Related terms - humanism, Alberti |
| Machiavelli | Florentine politician and writer (1469 - 1527), wrote The Prince, a treatise on the realistically effective 16th-century ruler, argued that it is better to be feared than loved and that the ends justify the means - for rulers who wish to remain in power (not a code of personal ethics), written while under house arrest in an attempt to get a job from Lorenzo de' Medici |
| Francesco Sforza | powerful military leader who seized control of Milan (1401 - 1466) Related terms - Milan, Five Powers |
| condottieri | leaders of Italian mercenary armies, hired under contract by city-states and the main source of armies during the Italian Renaissance, were expensive, dangerous, and often disloyal |
| Great Council | chief governing body of Venice, hereditary and whose membership comprised the only distinction of nobilty, the Senate was chosen from their number, who in turn chose the doge and his advisors Related terms - Venice, doge |
| doge | chief government official of Venice, chosen from the membership of the Senate, served for life Related terms - Venice, Great Council |
| Cosimo de'Medici | Florentine statesman and powerful banker(1389 - 1464), founded the Medici period of power in Florence through manipulation of the Signoria and the amassing of wealth through banking, patron of the arts and humanist, grandfather of Lorenzo de' Medici Related terms - Florence, Lorenzo de' Medici, humanism |
| Mehmed II | Ottoman sultan and military genius (r. 1451 - 1481), seiged and conquered Constantinople using heavy artillery and superior numbers Related terms - fall of Constantinople |
| Lorenzo de'Medici | effective ruler of Florence, statesman, and banker (1449 - 1492), patron of arts and of humanism, based his power oo diplomacy, charisma, and reputation, negotiated treaties with the pope and Naples that extended Florentine territory and influence, was regarded as the first citizen of Florence |
| Peace of Lodi | peace agreement between the Five Powers, created alliances, one between Florence and Milan and the other between Venice and Naples, was a reaction to the fall of Constantinople, lasted 40 years before breaking down into warfare and unrest |
| Ottoman Empire | in the terms of this chapter, they were Turks, they conquered Constantinople, and they stayed there until WWI or so. That's all you need to know. Related terms - Mehmed II, fall of Constantinople |
| fall of Constantinople | the siege, sack, and takeover of Constantinople by Mehmed II's Ottoman forces in 1453, resulted in Kiev becoming the center of Orthodox Christianity and the five Italian Powers entering the Peace of Lodi. The book has an excellent in-depth breakdown; read it. This is a likely essay topic. |
| Titian | Venetian painter, used bold colors, esp. reds |
| Ghilberti | designed the Baptistry doors, which were called the "gates to paradise" |
| Raphael | created "school of athens" fresco, buried in the Pantheon, finished St. Peter's Dome |
| textiles | Florence made its wealth through the production of these |
| Giotto | first painter to really use perspective in his art, his paintings set the standard for Renaissance paintings |
| Mercato Centrale | largest marcket in Florence |
| Platonic Academy | group of thinkers that met at Medici villas and discussed greek/roman ideas |
| Kiev | called the "third Rome" |
| Netherlands and Belgium | The "low countries", called this because they are below sea level |
| Ivan III | leader of Kiev when Constantinople fell |
| Girolamo Savonarola | Monk who preached from il Duomo in Florence, known for book burning, executed in 1498 |
| Piazza della Signora | large public square in florence, contains the Uffizi gallery |
| Isabella d'Este | great patron of Renaissance artists, wrote many letters specifying the details of the works she commissioned. |
| L'uomo universale | basically the "renaissance man", someone who maximizes all of his potentials and is good a pretty much everything |
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