Bio 141 Lab 4 review
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95 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Integumentary system | consists mainly of skin but also includes hair, nails, and skin glands. |
| protection, regulation of body temperature, excretion of wastes, healing wounds, D3 synthesis, and sense reception | skin functions |
| sebaceous and sudoriferous | types of glands in skin |
| sudoriferous glands | sweat glands |
| epidermis, dermis, hypodermis | skin's three main sections |
| epidermis | outermost layer of epithelial tissue |
| stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum (stratum basale) | the five layers of epidermis |
| dermis | thicker layer of connective tissue beneath the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, etc. |
| hypodermis | subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue beneath the dermis characterized by the presence of adipose tissue |
| Carotene and Melanin | two pigments which vary in quantity control the color of the skin |
| carotene | orange-yellow pigment |
| melanin | dark brown pigment produced by cells called melanocytes. Screen out excessive ultraviolet rays, to protect nucleus and the genetic material of the cell. |
| 1st degree burn | less than 10% of body surface affected, epidermis changed but not destroyed; mild swelling, reddening, pain; injured cells peel off and skin heals without scarring, usually w/in two weeks. |
| 2nd degree burn | less than 15% of body surface for an adult, 10% for a child; epidermis andpart of dermis destroyed. New skin may regenerate; red or mottled appearance, blisters, swelling, wet surface due to plasma loss. Greater pain than third-degree burn (which destroys sensitive nerve endings) |
| 3rd degree burn | includes burns of face, eyes, hands, feet, genitals, and more than 20% of body surface. Prompt medical attention required; all skin layers destroyed, deep tissue destruction. Nerve endings in skin destroyed. Skin cannot be regenerated. Surgery and skin grafts necessary; white or charred appearance, severe loss of body fluids |
| Rule of Nines | used to estimate the percentage of surface area affected by burns |
| macule | a localized change in skin color; freckle |
| wheal | a localized elevation of the overlying epidermis which accumulates fluid in the papillary dermis; hives |
| papule | a solid elevated area containing epidermal and papilary dermal components; mosquito or other insect bite |
| nodule | large papule that may extend into the subcutaneous layer; cyst |
| vesicle | a blister is a papule with a fluid core; bulla; second-degree burn |
| pustule | a papule-sized lesion filled with pus; acne pimple |
| erosion | an ulcer may occur following the rupture of a vesicle or pustule. Eroded sites have lost part or all of the normal epidermis; decubitis ulcer |
| crust | an accumulation of dried sebum, blood, or interstitial fluid over the surface of the epidermis; seborrheic dermatitis, scabs, impetigo |
| scales | thin plates of cornified cells which form as a result of abnormal keratinization; psoriasis |
| fissure | a split in the integument that extends through the epidermis and into the dermis; athlete's foot |
| viral infections | chickenpox, measles, erythema infectiousum (Fifth's disease), Herpes simplex |
| bacterial infections | impetigo |
| fungal infections | ringworm, athlete's foot, jock itch |
| parasitic infections | scabies, lice |
| allergies to | medications, food, environmental causes |
| abrasion | results from a scrape against a solid object |
| incision | linear cuts produced by sharp objects |
| laceration | a jagged, irregular tear in the surface produced by solid impact or by and irregular object |
| puncture | results when slender, pointed objects pierce the epithelium |
| avulsion | chunks of tissue are torn away by force |
| a blood clot is formed which stops external bleeding. | 1st step in healing a wound |
| a scab forms from the dried blood clot | 2nd step in healing a wound |
| phagocytic white blood cells remove damaged tissue and harmful microorganisms | 3rd step in healing a wound |
| epidermal cells multiply under the scab | 4th step in healing a wound |
| cells in the dermis called fibroblasts produce collagenous fibers and form a scar | 5th step in healing a wound |
| dermatology | the medical study of the physiology and pathology of the skin |
| Rule of Nines | method of estimating extent of skin burns |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| scab | a blood clot that forms at the surface of a wound to the skin |
| contusion | a bruise causing bleeding in the dermis (black and blue marks) |
| urticaria | hives |
| carotene | yellow pigment |
| melanin | dark pigment produced by specialized skin cells called melanocytes |
| sebaceous | oil glands connected to hair follicles that function to lubricate and protect |
| sebum | oily secretion |
| sudoriferous | sweat glands (apocrine and merocrine) |
| apocrine | large sweat glands (armpits, genital area) |
| merocrine or eccrine | small sweat glands (palms, fingers, soles) |
| cerumen | ear wax |
| pacinian corpuscles | receptors for deep pressure |
| meissner's corpuscles | corpuscles of touch, sensitive touch receptors |
| skeletal system | made up of bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments; provides protection, support, and movement for the body. |
| red bone marrow | responsible for the production of blood cells |
| yellow bone marrow | stores lipids |
| bones | storage of calcium and phosphate |
| 206 | number of bones in the adult skeleton |
| axial skeleton | pertains to the bones of the body (head and thorax) |
| appendicular skeleton | refers to the extremities (arms and legs) |
| ligaments | attach bone to bone |
| tendons | attach bone to muscle |
| long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone, sesamoid bone, sutural bone | major classification of bones |
| femur | example of long bone |
| carpal | example of short bone |
| skull bones | example of flat bone |
| spinal vertebrae | example of irregular bone |
| patella | example of sesamoid bone |
| between skull bones | example of sutural bone |
| epiphysis | the ends of the bone (head) |
| diaphysis | the long, hollow shaft of the bone |
| metphysis | the flared region where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet |
| compact bone | dense and relatively solid bone |
| spongy bone | forms an open network of struts and plates (contains red marrow) |
| process | a projection or bump |
| ramus | angle of bone |
| trochanter | very large, rough, rounded projection (present only in femur) |
| tuberosity | large (maller than trochanter, rough rounded projection- humerous |
| tubercle | small, rough, rounded projection |
| crest | prominent projection or ridge |
| line | narrow, low ridge |
| spine | pointed process |
| head | expanded, rounded surface at end of bone |
| condyle | large, convex projection that usually contacts another bone |
| trochlea | grooved surface shaped like a pulley |
| facet | small smooth, flat surface |
| fossa | shallow depression or concavity |
| foramen | natural opening on a bone surface for nerves and/or blood vessels |
| fissure | deep cleft between adjacent parts of bone |
| meatus | canal |
| sinus or antrum | hollow space within bone |
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