psyc207 research methods
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Created by:
maddiemaia on October 17, 2011
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67 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nominal | ordered by name |
| ordinal | ranked, but intervals may be different |
| interval | ranked with equal distances between items |
| ratio | kind of combines nom, ordinal, and interval, PLUS has absolute zero point |
| reliability | consistency or stability of scores |
| reliability coefficient | coefficient used to index reliability |
| test-retest reliability | consistency of scores over time |
| equivalent forms | consistency of scores between two different tests (ie SATs) |
| internal consistency reliability | consistency with which items on a test measure a single construct |
| coefficient/Cronbach's alpha | index of internal consistency |
| interrater reliability | reliability between scorers or judges |
| interobserver agreement | percentage of time different observers agree |
| validity | accuracy of inferences made on scores |
| operationalisation | the way a construct is defined and measured in a study |
| validation | gathering of evidence regarding the soundness of the study and its conclusions |
| content validity | judgment by experts on whether the task measures the construct |
| face validity | do the items appear to measure the thing the researcher is trying to measure? |
| multidimensional construct | construct consisting of two or more dimensions |
| factor analysis | statistical analysis used to determine number of dimensions in a set |
| criterion related validity | scores can be used to predict performance based on a known criterion |
| homogeneity | degree to which a set of items measures a trait |
| validity coefficient | type of coefficient used for validity evidence |
| predictive validity | degree to which scores on a test at one time predict scores on a test at a later time |
| concurrent validity | validity between two tests |
| convergent validity evidence | agreement between your own test and another measurement of the same construct |
| discriminant validity evidence | desirable; degree to which test does not measure constructs of another type |
| known groups validity evidence | degree to which groups known to differ across a construct actually differ according to the test |
| norming group | group on which reliability and validity is based |
| equal probability of selection method | any selection method in which an idividual has an equal chance of being selected |
| statistic vs parameter | statistic = sample, parameter = population |
| sampling frame | list of all elements in a population |
| proximal similarity | generalization to people, places, settings, or constructs similiar to those in a study |
| simple random sampling | EPSEM; picking names out of a hat |
| stratified random sampling | division of population into mutually exclusive groups prior to selection |
| stratification variable | variable on which pop elements are stratified for purpose of stratified random sampling |
| proportional stratified sampling | sample proportional to population |
| disproportional stratified sampling | sample disproportional to population |
| cluster | collective type of unit that includes multiple elements (schools, neighborhoods, etc) |
| cluster random sampling | clusters are randomly selected |
| one stage | clusters are randomly selected and then used |
| two stage | clusters randomly selected, and then a sample is drawn from the cluster |
| systematic sampling | EPSEM, selecting every Kth element |
| sampling interval | population size divided by sample size |
| periodicity | only prob in systematic sampling, if there is a cyclical element to the population |
| convenience sampling | use of people who are readily avaliable in a sample |
| quota samplign | sampling based on needs for proportions |
| purposive sampling | researcher decides on desired set of characteristics and then locates subjects with these characteristics |
| snowball sampling | each participant is asked to identify other possible participants |
| descriptive statistics | describing or summarizing set of data |
| inferential statistics | analysis beyond set of data |
| data set | rows are cases, columns are variables |
| frequency distribution | frequency of each individual data is shown |
| measurement of central tendecny | like gpa |
| mode | most frequently occuring variable |
| median | middle number |
| mean | average of set |
| range | high - low |
| variance | the average deviation of values from their means in squared units |
| standard deviation | square root of variance |
| 68, 95, 99.7 rule | 1, 2, and 3 std dev from mean |
| z score | raw score - mean / standard deviation |
| unstandardized difference between means | one mean minus the other |
| cohen's d | unstandardized diff / std dev |
| correlation coefficient | index indicating strength and direction of linear relationship between two variables |
| Pearson coefficient | calculate x and y z scores, multiply them, add them up, divide by n |
| contingency table | table displaying descriptive statistics |
| partial eta squared | amount of variance uniquely explained by independent categorical variable |
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