Microbiology Midterm Cram
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runmattyrun on October 17, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biosafety level BSL #1 | Not known to cause disease |
| Biosafety level BSL #2 | Associated with human disease (contact) |
| Biosafety level BSL #3 | Aerosol transmission/serious or lethal, need ventilation |
| Biosafety level BSL #4 | Aerosol transmission/high risk, need isolation |
| Antoni van Leewenhoek | Simple microscope |
| Ernst Abbe | Resolution dependent on lens; used substage/Abbe condenser and iris diaphragm + immersion oil |
| Immersion oil | Has same refractive index as glass; raises the eta (refractive index) to 1.5, and gives light a medium to travel at constant speed |
| Total magnification | Objective mag x ocular mag = total mag |
| Spherical aberration | Fuzzy periphery (Curved lens = multiple focal points) |
| Chromatic aberration | Multitude of colors (Different wavelengths = multiple focal points) |
| Numerical Aperture | NA = nsinθ n = refractive index θ = 1/2 angle of light |
| Resolving Power | RP = λ / 2 x NA wavelength in nanometers (limiting) When you raise NA, you raise RP, and limit of resolution decreases |
| CFU | colony forming unit |
| Basic stains (Simple stain) | Primary stain: methylene blue Decolorizer: Water No counterstain Auxochrome is attracted to negative charges of the bacterial cell surface. The auxochrome becomes positively charged as a result of picking up a hydrogen or losing a hydroxide. |
| Gram stain | Primary stain: Crystal violet Mordant: Iodine Decolorizer: Acid Alcohol Counterstain: Safranin Purple: gram positive Pink: gram negative |
| Acid Fast | Ziehl-Neelsen Primary stain: Carbolfuchsin Decolorizer: Acid Alcohol Counterstain: Methylene Blue AF Positive: Pink AF Negative: Blue |
| Capsule stain | Primary stain: Congo red (nigrosin) Maneval's Stain Water |
| Spore Stain | Primary stain: malachite green Decolorizer: water Counterstain: Safranin Central, terminal, or subterminal Can be spherical or elliptical |
| Flagella stain | Monotrichious: single flagellum on one end Amphitrichious: both ends Lophotrichious: tufts at end Peritrichious: entire surface (Proteus vulgaris) |
| Columbia CNA with 5% Sheep Blood Agar | Selective agents: Colistin, Nalidixic Acid (CNA) Indicators: red blood cells Hemolysis (beta, alpha, or gamma) determines Gram positive; gram negative inhibited by colistin and does not grow |
| Bile Esculin Azide Agar | Selective agents: sodium azide, bile Indicators: Ferric citrate Darkening = Streptococcus Group D, Enterococcus |
| Mannitol Salt Agar | Selective agents: sodium chloride, mannitol Indicators: phenol red Mannitol fermentation + yellow halo: Staphylococcus aureus |
| MacConkey Agar | Selective agents: Bile salts and crystal violet Indicators: Lactose w/ red dye Growth = gram negative Red fermentation = coliform |
| Eosin Methylene Blue Agar | Selective agents: lactose and sucrose, eosin Y + methylene blue Indicators: Dye (Eosin Y + methylene blue) Growth = gram negative Pink + mucoid: possible coliform Dark: probable coliform No color: non coliform gram negative |
| Hektoen Enteric Agar | Selective agents: bile salts, Hektoen enteric agar Indicators: lactose + sucrose, sodium thiosulfide Salmonella reduces sulfur to hydrogen sulfide and forms a black precipitate |
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