Medical Terminology, Chap 5
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 angi/o | blood or lymph vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery or arteries |
| ather/o | plaque or fatty substance |
| brady- | slow |
| cardi/o | heart |
| -crasia | a mixture or blending |
| -emia | blood or blood condition |
| erythr/o | red |
| hem/o, hemat/o | blood |
| leuk/o | white |
| phleb/o | vein |
| tachy- | rapid |
| thromb/o | clot |
| ven/o | vein |
| ACE inhibitor | blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension |
| anemia | a lower than normal number of red blood cells in the blood |
| aneurysm | a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery |
| angina | a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium |
| angioplasty | a procedure in which a small balloon is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen |
| anticoagulant | medication that slows blood coagulation and prevents new clots from forming; also known as a thrombolytic or clot-busting drug |
| antihypertensive | medication administered to lower blood pressure |
| aplastic anemia | a condition marked by the absence of all formed blood elements |
| arrhythmia | an abnormality, or the loss of the normal rhythm, of the heartbeat |
| atherectomy | surgical removal of plaque from the interior lining of an artery |
| atheroma | a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall |
| atherosclerosis | hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaques |
| atrial fibrillation | when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall |
| automated external defibrillator | electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart's electrical rhythms and when necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm |
| beta-blocker | a medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat |
| blood dyscrasia | any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood |
| bradycardia | an abnormally slow heartbeat, usually at a rate of less than 60 beats per minute |
| cardiac arrest | an event in which the heart abruptly stops or develops a very abnormal arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood |
| cardiac catheterization | a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart |
| cardiomyopathy | the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle |
| carotid endarterectomy | surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain |
| cholesterol | a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body |
| chronic venous insufficiency | a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves |
| coronary thrombosis | damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery |
| defibrillation | the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm; also known as cardioversion |
| diuretic | medication administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water |
| electrocardiogram | a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium |
| embolism | the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus |
| embolus | a foreign object - such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor - that is circulating in the blood; plural, emboli |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
| erythrocytes | mature red blood cells |
| hemoglobin | the iron-containing pigment of the erythrocytes that transports oxygen from the lungs to all of the body tissues |
| hemolytic anemia | a condition of an inadequate number of circulating erythrocytes due to the premature destruction of these cells by the spleen |
| hemostasis | the arrest or control of bleeding |
| ischemic heart disease | a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart |
| leukemia | a malignancy characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in hemopoietic tissues, other organs, and the circulating blood |
| leukocytes | white blood cells |
| leukopenia | any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is less than normal |
| megaloblastic anemia | a blood disorder in which red blood cells are larger than normal |
| myelodysplastic syndrome | a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow |
| myocardial infarction | the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries resulting in an infarct of the affected myocardium; also known as a heart attack or an MI |
| orthostatis hypotension | low blood pressure that occurs in a standing posture; also known as postural hypotension |
| paroxysmal atrial tachycardia | an episode that begins and ends abruptly, during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium |
| pericardium | the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart |
| pernicious anemia | a form of anemia caused by a lack of the protein tha thelps the body absorb vitamin B12, which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein or veins |
| Raynaud's phenomenon | a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress |
| septicemia | a systemic disease caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins via the circulating blood; also known as blood poisoning |
| sickle cell anemia | a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape |
| tachycardia | an abnormally fast heartbeat, usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute |
| thallium stress test | a diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle during exercise |
| thrombocytopenia | a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets in the circulating blood |
| thrombolytic | medication that slows coagulation and prevents new blood clots from forming; also known as an anticoagulantor clot-busting drug |
| thrombosis | the abnormal condition of having a thrombus; plural, thromboses |
| thrombotic occlusion | the blocking of an artery by a thrombus |
| thrombus | a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or an artery |
| transfusion reaction | a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blood do not match |
| valvulitis | inflammation of a heart valve |
| varicose veins | abnormally swollen veins, usually occuring in the legs |
| ventricular fibrillation | the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles |
| ventricular tachycardia | a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles |
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