Western Civilization ch 8
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Created by:
Mad_North-Northwest on October 17, 2011
Subjects:
world history, european history
Description:
Words from chapter 8
Classes:
Western Civilization 2011-2012
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 feudalism | a patron/client relationship between two freemen (men who are not serfs), a lord and his vassal; an economic, political, and social organization of medieval Europe |
| serfs | peasants who were personally free but bound to the lord of the manor and the land of the manor; rented land from the lord to cultivate to produce their own crops; owed work and various gifts of produce to the lord; had to pay for the right to marry; had to work for the lord a set number of days a week and at intense periods of harvest and planting |
| investiture | special ceremony of fief-granting in which the lord gave to his vassal a clod of earth or sprig of leaves |
| Reconquista | reconquest and resettlement of the Iberian Peninsula |
| patricians | small elite group at the top of medieval society |
| Norman Conquest | the Normans' conquest of England; victory of William the Conqueror over the English army weakened by an earlier viking attack |
| Otto I | the true restorer of the German Empire; primarily a warrior; conquest was a principal foundation of his power; routed the pagan Magyars and ended their menace to Christian Europe; organized military provinces, or marches, along the Eastern frontier; actively promoted the work of German missionaries and settlers beyond the Elbe River; married Italian queen |
| Ottonian Renaissance | revival of learning in Germany fostered by Otto I |
| Cluniac monasteries | monastic communities stemming from Cluny; placed directly under the pope; advocated return to Benedictine Rule and emphasis on the liturgy |
| Gregory VII | a Cluniac monk who was instumental in designing the College of Cardinals; proclaimed pope by the citizens and clergy of Rome; brought to the office a high regard for the papacy's powers and responsibilities and a burning desire for reform; asserted that the pope wielded absolute authority and could overrule any local bishop in the exercise of his ordinary or usual jurisdiction; believed that all Christian princes must answer to the pope in spitirual matters and that the pope himself had a responsibility to guide those princes; ideals set up a direct conflict with Henry IV |
| Concordant of Worms | settlement of the Investiture Controversy; agreement that the lay rulers would no longer invest prelates with the symbols of their spiritual office; pope would allow the elections of imperial bishops and abbots to be held in the presence of the emperor or his representative; victory for the papacy; gave the popes more control over their bishops thoughout Europe |
| papal curia | stronger central bureacracy of popes |
| Pope Urban II | urged knights not to fight fellow Christians but to go to the traditional land of milk and honey and fight Muslims instead for land; called on nobility to undertake an expedition to the Holy Land |
| Saladin | unified Muslims; controlled Egypt and was able to conquer Syria so that the Latin Kingdom was surrounded; captured Jerusalem |
| vassalage | an honourable personal bond between a lord and his man |
| manorialism | the economic organization of agricultural production; the organization of the lives and labour of peasants who did the actual cultivating |
| fief | the lord's concession of land to his vassal in exchange for specified terms of service |
| sub-infeudation | the grant of a fief by a vassal to a subordinate who became his vassal; complicated the hierarchy that Charlemagne had initially envisioned; permitted vassals to have their own vassals |
| liege lord | the one whom a vassal would serve above all others; selected by the vassal |
| William of Normandy | duke; architect of the Norman Conquest; promised kingship by Edward the Confessor and did not receive it; became king after Battle of Hastings |
| ecclesiastics | members of the clergy |
| Salian House | house starting with emperor Henry III after the end of the the Ottonian line with Henry II in 1024 |
| College of Cardinals | maintained continuity of papal policy; deprived emperor and Roman nobility of the appointment of the pope |
| Henry IV | pawn in power shifts of a civil war; used a fight between one of his vassals and the Duke of Saxony as an excuse to depose the Duke; raised a number of lower born men to the rank of ministeriales (bureacrats and soldiers), equipping them with horses and armour; offended nobility; excommunicated by Gregory VII |
| canon law | authoritative statements from the Bible, Church councils, Church fathers, and popes, which constituted the law of the Church |
| Alexius Comnenus | Byzantine emperor who had some success against the Turks but needed mercenary soldiers to enlarge his army; suggested to end the Church schism |
| Robert of Normandy | "the Sly" or "the Fox"; managed to conquer southern Italy and receive papal recognition for the territory; headed a northern French army in the First Crusade |
| Kingdom of Jerusalem | conquered territory from the First Crusade; depended on a constant influx of men and money from Europe |
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