| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Bethanechol (Urecholine) | Urinary retention, GERD |
| Cevimeline | Xerostomia |
| Pilocarpine | Glaucoma |
| Effects of muscarinic agonists | Increased ParaSNS effects - Increased secretions, decreased HR, Stim GI, relax sphincters |
| Toxicolgy of muscarinic agonists | Excessive salivation, tearing, bronchospasm, diarrhea |
| Antidote to muscarinic agonists | Atropine (antagonist) |
| Sources of muscarinic poisoning | Cholinesterase inhibitors = too much ACh, meds, mushrooms |
| Atropine | Most common anticholinergic/muscarinic antagonist |
| Effects of Atropine | Decreased ParaSNS: Increased HR, decreased secretions, smooth muscle tone (GI), mydriasis |
| Dose dependency of muscarinic blockade | Glands → HR → GI |
| OAB | Oxybutynin |
| Oxybutynin (Ditropan) tab or syrup | OAB: normal tab - Immediate release, lipid soluble = BBB = sedation, well metabolized. short acting |
| Oxybutynin (Dit XXX) | OAB: Extended release tablets - SE - pruritis. In general fewer side effects |
| Oxybutynin (Oxytrol) | OAB: Transdermal patch, ↓SE...pruritis, no xerorstomia - cont release |
| Darifenacin | OAB: ER |
| Solifenacin | OAB |
| Tolterodine | OAB: IR/ER |
| Trospium | Quaterary ammonium compound, no hepatic metabolism - no CNS effects, empty stomach |
| Scopolamin | Motion sickness |
| Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) | Inhaled drug for asthma |
| Dicyclomine | IBS |
| Mydriatic-cycloplegics | Eyedrops, paralyse iris |
| Centrally acting anticholinergics | Parkinsons |
| Antidote to muscarinic antagonist/anticholinergic drugs | Physostigmine |
| Reversible (competitive) choliesterase inhibitor drugs | Neostigmine, Ambenoium, Pyrdostigmine |
| Myasthenia Gravis - increase force of muscle contraction | Reversible (competitive) choliesterase inhibitors used to treat |
| Edrophonuim (Tensalon) | Ultra-short acting. Distinguishes MG from cholinergic crisis |
| Physostigmine | Cross BBB. Treatment for atropine + muscarinic poisoning. Inhibits acetycholinesterace = ↑ ACh |
| Echothiophate | Glaucoma - irreverisble long-acting |
| Donapezil, Galantamine, Tacrine | Alzheimers (cross BBB) |
| Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors | Insecticides, nerve gas, echothiophate (highly lipid - cross BBB) |
| Treatment for Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitor overdose | Atropine, Pralidoxime (Protodam) |
| Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers | Flaccid paralysis: Eyes → limbs → resp muscles. No CNS effects - totally alert!!! |
| Depolorizing Neuromuscular Blocker | Succinylcholine (short acting - 5 mins) |
| Succinlycholine | Transient contraction then muscle paralysis |
| Adverse effects Succinlycholine | Malignant hyperthermia, postop muscle pain, hyperK+ (↑ 0.5-1 meq/L) |
| Effects of Succinlycholine intensified with | Cholinesterase and antibiotics |
Combine with other sets
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