| Term | Definition |
|---|
| motile algae | only contain all categories of eucaryotic organelles |
| flagella and cilia | locomotive appendages of eukaryotic cells |
| flagella | external structures of of eukaryotic cells that are few and long in relation to cell size |
| cilia | external structures of of eukaryotic cells that are numerous and short, found only in protozoa and animal cells, also moves substances along the surface of cells andsome function as feeding and filtering structures |
| flagella and cilia | both of theses structures consist of an arrangement of nine pairs and 2 single microtubules |
| microtubules | long hollow tubes made of the protein tubulin |
| glycocalyx | in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; most eukaryotic cells have this; its an outermost boundary that comes into direct contact w/ the environment |
| glycocalyx | contains a slime layer or a capsule layer, composed of polysaccharides and apperas as a network of fibers |
| glycocalyx | contributes to adherence of the cell to surfaces, protection, reception of signals from other cells and the environment |
| fungi and algae | These cell walls are ridgid and provide structural support and shape |
| chitin | IS THE MAIN MATERIAL OF FUNGAL CELL WALLS |
| phospholipid bilayer | the eukaryotic plasma membrane is a ?? just like a prokaryotic cell |
| 1. passive process by prokaryotes 2. active transport 3. phago and pinocytosis | eukaryotic cells can move materials across the plasma membrane 3 ways |
| organelles | specialized membrane enclosed structures in the cytoplasm |
| nucleus | the control center, most prominent organelle, directs the activities of the cell through a structural and chemical network |
| nuclear membrane or envelope | external boundary, double membrane seperated by a narrow space, perforated by nuclear pores |
| nuclear pores | small openings in the nuclear envelope, macromolecules migrate through these to the cytoplasm |
| nucleoplasm | matrix inside the nucleus, contains cromatin and nucleolus |
| nucleolus | site of ribosomal RNA synthesis, a collection area for ribosome subunits, ribosomes produced here move thru nuclear pores to the cytoplasm |
| CHROMATIM | long linear DNA molecules bound to HISTONE proteins, condenses into chromosomes during mitosis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a passageway in the cell |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | originates from the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, extends through the cytoplasm and out the cell membrane |
| ribosomes | proteins in the rer are synthasized on the? and then chunted into the cavity of the rer for later packaging and transport |
| Smooth ER | makes nonprotein molecules, closed tubular network |
| Smooth ER | functions in nutrient processing and synthasizing and storage of non protein macromolecules such as lipids and carbs |
| Rough ER | protein syntheses |
| golgi apparatus | a packaging machine; proteins are modified by additon of polysaccharides and lipids, they are modified, stored and packaged for their final desitination here |
| transitional vesicles | ER buds of membrane bound packets of protein that are picked up by the golgi apparatus |
| condensing vesicles | golgi pinches off these vessicles that become lysosomes or transported outside the cell |
| lysosomes | vesicles containing a variety of enzymes, intracellular digestion of food particles, provides protection against invading microbes, |
| vacuoles | membrane bound sacs containing fluid or solid particles to be digested, excreted and stored |
| mitochondria | energy generator of the cell, divides independantly of the cell, have circular strans of DNA |
| cristae | hold enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration |
| chloroplasts | photosynthesis machines found in algae and plants, converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis, contain ribosomes and dna-multiple by binary fission |
| ribosomes | protein sythesizers, some scattered in cytoplasm some associated w/RER; composed of ribonucleoprotein |
| both cells | whch cells contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipid and carns |
| both cells | which cells uschem reactions to metabolize food, build proteins and store energy? |
| prokaryotic cells | Which cells DNA is not enclosed w/in a membrane and is one circular chromosome? |
| prokaryotic cells | which cells DNA is not associated w/ histones but are associated w/ other proteins? |
| prokaryotic cells | Which cells lack membrane enclosed organelles |
| prokaryotic cells | which cells cell walls almost always contain the complex polysaccharide peptidoglycan |
| prokaryotic cells | which cells divide by binary fission |
| binary fission | involves fewer structures and processes then eucaryotic cell division |
| eukaryotic cells | which cells DNA is found in the cells nucleus and the DNA is in multiple chromosomes? |
| eukaryotic cells | which cells DNA is associted with chromosomal proteins called histones |
| eukaryotic cells | which cells have a number of membrance enclosed organelles? |
| eukaryotic cells | which cells cell walls (when present) are chemically simple? |
| eukaryotic cells | which cells divide my mitosis |
| yeast | an example of an eukaryotic cell that divides not by mitosis but binary fission |
| intercellular symbiosis | process in which eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells |
| protoza, microscopic algae, fungi and animal paracites | the certain eukaryotes studied by microbiologists |
| macroscopic fungi | one division of fungi that contain mushrooms and puff balls |
| microscopic | one division of fungi that contains molds and yeasts |
| fungi | molds and yeasts are a type of ? |
| hyphae | one morphological type of fungi that is long and threadlike cells that make up the bodies of filamentous fungi or molds |
| yeasts | one morphological type of fungi that is a unicellular fungi, non filamentous and is round to oval shaped |
| hetetrophic | fungal nutrition: all fungi are this ( they do not make thei own food) |
| mycellium | a mass of hyphae that make up the body or colony of a mold |
| septa | in most fungi the hyphae are divided in to segments called? |
| fungi | these are classified to the type of sexual spore that they form, reproduction is primarily through spores formed on special reproductive hyphae |
| mycology | the study of fungi |
| mycosis | any fungal infection |
| mycoses | generally chronic fungal infections |
| protist | general group that traditionally includes single celled and colonial eucaryotic microbes that lack organization into tissues |
| protoza | are protists that are unicellular, they lack a cell wall |
| endoplasm and ectoplasm | protozan cytoplasm is divided into? |
| trophozite | vegitative form , feeding stage of protoza |
| mitosis | protoza reproduce via? |
| conjugation | a form of genetic exchange in which members of 2 different mating types fuse temporarly and exchange neuclei |
Combine with other sets
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